基于降水量的黑龙江省玉米种植适宜性研究

利用黑龙江省63个气象站点1965~2014年降水资料,运用降水距平百分率、Mann-Kendall突变检验和标准化降水指数等研究方法,分析黑龙江省近50年来不同区域间降水变化趋势和特点,结合玉米生长需水特征判断玉米易缺水时段。结果表明,近50年全省玉米生长季降水量平均值约457.7 mm,可满足玉米生长发育对水分基本需求;黑龙江省各区域中,中南部地区、三江平原区和北部地区生长季降水量高于全省平均值,西部地区低于全省平均值,特别是泰来和肇源,生长季降水量平均值低于375 mm,必须依靠灌溉维持玉米正常生长;黑龙江省中南部地区和北部地区生长季降水量年际间变化较小,三江平原地区和西部地区则波动较大,易发生水旱灾害;黑龙江省近50年生长季降水量主要发生2次突变,分别在20世纪80年代初期和90年代中后期;黑龙江省西部地区玉米生长期基本均处于缺水状态,需灌溉补充水分,其他地区缺水期主要在6月和7月。研究可为黑龙江省降水研究和玉米种植区水资源配置等提供参考。

Study on planting suitability of maize in Heilongjiang Province based on precipitation

This paper was based on the precipitation data of 63 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province,from 1965 to 2014,the variation trend and characteristics of precipitation in recent 50 years among different regions in Heilongjiang Province by using the methods of precipitation anomaly percentage,Mann-Kendall method and SPI,and estimate the short periods of water in combination with the water demand characteristics of maize.Results showed that,In recent 50 years,the average precipitation of Heilongjiang Province during maize growth season was about 457.7 mm,that could satisfy the basic needs of maize growth and development on water.In Heilongjiang Province,the growing season precipitations of the central and southern region,the Sanjiang Plain region and the northern region were higher than the average precipitation of the whole province,but the precipitation of the western region was lower,especially in Tailai and Zhaoyuan,the average growing season precipitations were lower than 375 mm,irrigation must be used to maintain normal growth of maize.The inter-annual change of growing season precipitations in the northern region and the central and southern region were small;but in the Sanjiang Plain region and the westem region were unstable,floods and droughts were likely to occur.There were two abrupt changes of growing season precipitations in Heilongjiang Province,in early 1980s and mid and late 1990s.In the western region,almost the whole maize growth period was in lack of water,irrigation was needed to add moisture;in the other regions,the main water shortage period was in June and July.The results provided reference for the precipitation research and water resources allocation in maize planting areas in Heilongjiang Province.