大豆豆荚与叶片超微结构的比较

以大豆品种东农42为试验材料,对其R4～R6期的叶片和豆荚的叶绿素含量及叶绿体超微结构进行了比较研究。电镜观察表明,叶片的叶肉细胞具有明显的栅栏组织和海绵组织,而豆荚作为叶片的同源器官其同化组织则无此明显区分。豆荚同化细胞的细胞壁厚,细胞排列呈梭形交错,细胞间隙小,有较多的胞间连丝,豆荚细胞中的叶绿体数量较叶肉细胞中的叶绿体少。R4的初期,淀粉粒较少,类囊体片层数量较多,但主要以基质片层纵向贯穿于叶绿体中;R5～R6期,豆荚的类囊体垛叠成基粒较明显,且淀粉粒逐渐增多;R6期,豆荚和叶片的叶绿体内都有数量不等的嗜锇小球积累。豆荚的叶绿体繁殖是独立于细胞分裂的现有叶绿体二分裂产生(哑铃状分裂)。叶绿素含量测定表明,豆荚叶绿素含量较叶片叶绿素含量低,这主要是与豆荚的叶绿体数量少有关。

Comparison of ultrastructure of pods and blades in soybean

With the soybean species dongnong 42 for the experimental material,compared the chloropgyll content and the chloroplast ultrastructure of blades and pods in R4-R6 periods.The observation of electron microscope indicated that the mesophyll cell of blade had the obvious palisades tissue and spongy parenchyma.But the pod,homogenous organ of blade,its assimilating tissue had no this obvious distinction.The pod′s assimilating cell had thick cytoderm,small cell gap,more plasmodesma,less chloroplasts number of pod cell.In the early R4 period,the starch grain number was less,thylakoid lamella number was more,but penetrated chloroplast mainly by matrix lamella.In the R5-R6 period,the pod′s thylakoid obviously piled up folds grana,the starch grain number increased.In the R6 period,the yosmiophilic globuli number in the blade′s and pod′s chloroplast increased.The pod′s chloroplast reproduction was independently to the cell fission,producted by the chloroplast′s binary fission.The test of chloropgyll content indicated that comparing with blade,the chlorogyll content of pod was lower,it was mainly related to the less number of chloroplast.