混和选择与系谱选择对三种类型大豆杂交后代集团定向选择效果的比较研究

以３种不同类型大豆杂交组合Ｆ２至Ｆ４代为材料，采用混合选择和系谱选择按成熟期及种粒大小进行集团定向选择，以比较两种方法的选择效果及其与组合类型的关系。结果表明，在野生或半野生组合中，混合选择法选的材料成熟略晚１～２日，平均百粒重较大，且变异系数高；而在栽培组合中系谱法选的材料有成熟略晚、种粒较大倾向，但是两种选择方法均能选出相似的生育期类型及种粒大小类型。大豆种间杂交后代随着向大粒方向选择，植株变矮、茎秆增粗、倒伏性降低、分枝数减少，产量性状得以改善。在Ｆ２代根据植株个体表现进行熟期或种粒大小分组定向选择，这种趋势能有效地保持到高代。在野生或半野生组合中，混合选择法易于选取高产高蛋白个体；在栽培组合中，系谱法易于选取植株形态与产量性状理想的材料。

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MASS AND PEDIGREE SELECTION IN CROOSSES AMONG THREE PARENTAL TYPES OF SOYBEANS

Progenies of F 2 to F 4 generations of crosses among three obviously different types of soybeans were made for selection with both mass and pedigree methods for two different dates of maturity and two different size of seeds The experimental results indicated that in the crosses containing wild or semi--wild soybean parent, materials obtained from mass method seemed to mature 1～2 day later and 100--seed weight averaged relatively larger In the cross between two cultivated soybeans, the cases were reversed But in contrasting the two methods, the actual magnitude of the differences were inconsequential, and selection effectiveness on maturity and seed size were similar When progenies of soybean interspecific crossing were used for larger seed size selection, the plant height became shorter, stem diameter thicker, lodging index decreased and yield traits improved The stratification selections for maturity and seed size were measured by the performance of F 4 selected materials based on their maturity and seed size ranks in the F 2 generation, and the differences between the selected materials was present suggesting that the stratification selection was adaptable In the interspecific crosses of soybeans, mass selection was apt to select materials with high yield and high protein content, however, in the between cultivated soybeans, pedigree method was suitable