不同施肥对保护地番茄土壤性状及番茄筋腐病发生的影响

试验选用我省番茄主栽品种中杂９ 号， 采用４ 种施肥处理， 在早春大棚内采取随机区组设计， 地膜复盖， ４ 次重复。分别取定植前及番茄生长旺盛期不同施肥处理的土壤， 对其理化性状分析结果表明： Ａ３ 处理的速效钾、速效磷含量均最高， Ａ２ 处理的全氮和碱解氮含量最高，而速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均较低；对生长旺盛期不同施肥处理的番茄正常株及筋腐病株叶片的全碳、全钾、全碳／全氮、全钾／全氮、果实中有机酸、总糖含量分析结果表明： 各施肥处理前期筋腐病发生率明显高于中、后期， 其中 Ａ２ 处理筋腐病发生率最高， Ａ３、 Ａ１ 较低， 说明前期低温， 加之偏施氮肥， 钾肥较少会造成土壤中速效钾、速效磷、有机质含量较低， 番茄全钾／全氮、全碳／全氮较低， 叶片光合作用形成产物较少， 同时贮存到果实中的总糖、有机酸较少、褐变物质聚集形成筋腐。

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION ON SOIL CHARACTER AND BROWN STREAK OF TOMATO IN PROTECTIVE GROUND

The leading variety of tomato in our province and four treatments of applying fertilizer were choice to take the designing of randomized blocks and have the plastic covers, four repeats, in plastic house of early spring. Analysis the soil physiological character before field planting at the period of vigorous growth tomato of different treatment. The results indicated that there is high content of available-p and K on A 3 treatment and total-N, available-N on A 3 treatment. But there is low content of available-P,K and OM on A 2 treatment. Differently to normal and diseased tomato of vigorous growth analysis the total-C, K, C/N, K/N of leaf and OM, total sugar of fruit in every treatment of applying fertilizer. The results indicated that the rate of brown streak in the early stage of growth is obviously higher than that in the middle and later stage to every treatment. The rate of brown streak is the highest on A 2 treatment amoung four treatments and lower on A 3,A 1. Because the temperature is low and N fertilizer is applyed high and K fartilizer low in early stage The content of available-K, P, OM in soil is low and total K/N, C/N in tomato leaf is low also. Leaf produced less carbohydrate in photosynthesis. The total sugar and OM of fruit is stored up less Browning substance accumulate to form brown streak.$$$$