上位性及其对家养动物复杂经济性状形成的遗传学影响

Bateson于1909年最早将上位性(Epistasis)这个概念引入遗传学领域,在1918年,Fisher将不同位点上的非等位基因相互作用定义为上位性,非等位基因间的交互作用而产生的基因效应定位为上位效应(Epistaticeffect)。自此,在相当长的时期内,受到试验方法及技术手段的限制,研究者多采用以数量遗传学为主的研究方法对上位性开展研究。近年来,伴随着分子数量遗传学与功能基因组学的飞速发展,人们现在已获得大量的理论和实验证据支持上位效应对家养动物复杂性状的表型塑造以及复杂遗传系统演化机制存在重要的遗传学影响。文章拟对目前使用较为广泛的上位性概念、类型及主要的学术观点加以评述,着重介绍了这些概念的产生的背景、原理以及差别之处,并对上位性对家养动物复杂经济性状的遗传学影响给予简要介绍,以期能够为相关领域的研究者提供参考。

Epistasis and its genetic influence on phenotype shaping of complex economic traits in domestic animals

Epistasis was first introduced into genetics by Bateson in 1909.The genetic interpretation of epistasis by Fisher in 1918 was generally defined as the interaction between two or more allele on different loci to influence a single trait.The factors participated in the mechanism of phenotype shaping in domestic animals are very complex.It often involvea the additive effect,dominant effect of the single locus,and the epistatic effect caused by the interaction among the alleles on different loci.The interaction between genes and the environment is an important factor,too.In recent years,with the rapid development of molecular quantitative genetics and functional genomics,a lot of theoretical and experimental evidence has been obtained,which could support the epistatic effect with the fundamentally important influence on the structure and function of genetic pathways of complex phenotype in domestic animals and the evolutionary dynamics of complex genetic systems.This paper tried to introduce the concept,and type the research history of epistasis.The genetic influence of epistasis on the shaping of the complex economic traits in domestic animals was also included.We hope this information could provide reference for the researchers.