基于生态值的戴云山保护区地块选择研究

在自然保护区规划设计中,如何以最合理地块构建自然保护区并能在最大程度上有效地保护生物多样性、维护生态安全,是缓解生态保护与经济开发矛盾所亟需解决的问题。本研究针对戴云山地区探讨地块选择方法的适用性,基于戴云山地区生态评价,结合空间特征和生态现状要求,提出戴云山自然保护区空间优化建议。结合保护区植被多样性特征,应用地块选择算法,将戴云山所属地区共18 762小班进行网格分割,根据森林资源二类调查资料,选取地类、树种组成、郁闭度、平均树高、平均胸径、龄组和立地质量7个指标,求得各网格的生态值,绘制戴云山地区生态值分布图,引入改进的nal-Briers优化模型,实现保护区范围的最优化选择。依此方法共选择88个地块(网格)组成5个构建自然保护区的备选区域,其中包含原自然保护区2处备选区域(编号2,3),新增备选区域位于原保护区东部(编号4)、北部(编号1)和东南部(编号5)各1处。考虑保护区设计原则,编号2,3和4备选区域形成的区域可有效减弱边缘效应的影响,为建设戴云山自然保护区最优区域组合。选择后的戴云山自然保护区,实现了地块数量与生态值间的最优组合,最大限度保护戴云山整体植被多样性。地块选择算法在国内森林生态系统类型自然保护区设计中可能具有适用性,为我国森林生态系统类型自然保护区设计研究提出了新思路。

Study on site selection of Daiyun Mountain Reserve based on ecological value

How to effectively protect biodiversity and maintain ecological safety by using the minimal sites in planning and designing the nature reserve is a urgent problem needed to be solved to relieve the contradiction of ecological protection and economic development. This work was aimed to discuss the applicability of the site selection algorithm. Based on the ecological assessment of Daiyun mountain district, combining the spatial feature and the requirements of the ecological status, a space optimization proposal of Daiyun mountain nature reserve was put forward. Combining the vegetation diversity characteristics of reserve and the application of site selection algorithm, the area of Daiyun Mountain containing 18 762 sub-compartments was segmented into grids. According to the result of resource survey, the ecological values for each grid were calculated and the ecological value distribution plot was drawn considering the characteristics of the land, the varieties of trees, the canopy density of forest stand, the average height of trees, the mean diameter of trees, the age composition of trees and the site quality. The improved ?nal-Briers optimization model was adopted to optimize the selection of the area of the nature reserve. According to this method, we selected 5 candidate regions to compose the nature reserve of Daiyun Mountain including 88 sites ( grids) . Among which, 2 candidate regions ( No.2 and No.3) are belonged to the original nature reserve area and the new added ones are located at the east ( No.4) , north ( No.1) and southeast ( No.5) of the original nature reserve area, respectively. Moreover, considering the criteria of nature reserve the regions of No.2, No.3 and No.4 are concentrated and the reserve area formed by these three regions can efficiently weaken the influence of edge effect. So the regions, No.2, No.3 and No.4, are the optimal combination for constructing the Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve. The optimal design of Daiyun Mountain nature reserve covers two candidate regions and one east candidate region of the original nature reserve which realizes the optimal combination between the number of sites and the ecological value and protect the overall vegetation diversity to the utmost. The site selection algorithm may have applicability in the design research of nature reserves of forest ecosystem types in domestic and supply a new idea to the design research of nature reserves of forest ecosystem types.