5种中草药作为饲料添加剂对鲤肠内细菌及生长的影响

将5种常用中草药黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi、板兰根lsatis indigotica Fort、黄芪Astragalus membranaceus Fisch、茯苓Poria cocos Wolf及鱼腥草Houttuynia cordata Thunb作为饲料添加剂饲喂鲤Cyprynus(cyprynus)carpio，研究了这几种中草药对鲤的生长、肠内细菌数量及组成的影响。饲养25d后称重，每组随机取3尾鱼，分别对其前、中、后肠的细菌数量和组成进行了分析。结果发现，饲料中添加黄芩及黄芪可明显促进鲤的生长，并提高了饲料转化效率；添加茯苓、鱼腥草及板兰根也有一定作用，经统计分析表明差异不显著。投喂5种中草药均使鲤肠内细菌数增加，并对其组成产生影响，试验组出现了对照组所没有的芽孢杆菌属及棒杆菌属细菌，并且使优势菌群的组成发生了改变，不动细菌属明显增加，芽孢杆菌属所占的比率也在10％以上，而气单胞菌属、邻单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、弧菌属及肠杆菌科细菌数量则明显下降。另外，饲料中添加中草药可明显改变肠道细菌组成及数量，使有益菌类增加，并抑制大部分条件致病菌的生长。

Effects of five Chinese herb medicines as additive in feed on the growth and intestinal microflora in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Growth rate, feed conversion ratio and variation of intestinal microflora were studied in one year old common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fed the feed supplemented with 1% Chinese herbal medicines containing five Chinese herb medicines including membranous milkvetch root ( Astragalus membranaceus Fisch), baikal skullcap root ( Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), tuckahoe ( Poria cocos Wolf), heartleaf houttuynia herb( Houttuynia cordata Thunb) and Isatis indigotica Fort. The results showed that the fish fed the five Chinese herb medicines, especially the membranous milkvetch root and baikal skullcap root, had significantly good growth and feed conversion. The quantity of microflora in the intestine from the fish fed the test feed increased compared with the control fish. Microflora of Bacillus and Corynebacterium had been found in the testing groups, whereas there were none in the control group. Acinetobacter increased significantly in number in testing group and Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Enterobacteriaceae had been inhibited in the test group compared with control group.