饲料中用陆生植物淀粉替代鼠尾藻粉对仿刺参幼参生长和消化的影响

在实验室条件下研究了用不同陆生植物淀粉组合取代鼠尾藻粉饲养仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参的生长效果。在试验1中,将平均体质量为4.19 g的仿刺参饲养在体积为45 cm×31 cm×30 cm的水槽中,投喂以鱼粉和大豆蛋白为蛋白源,以添加质量分数为30%鼠尾藻粉的作为对照饲料（F0组）,以添加质量分数为10%鼠尾藻粉并用不同比例陆生植物淀粉搭配取代20%的鼠尾藻粉作为试验组饲料（F1组,马铃薯、小麦、玉米、红薯各5.0%（质量分数,下同）;F2组,马铃薯、小麦、玉米、红薯、山药各4.0%;F3组,马铃薯、小麦、玉米、红薯、芋头各4.0%;F4组,马铃薯、小麦、玉米、红薯、山药、芋头各3.33%;F5组,马铃薯、小麦、玉米、红薯各3.33%、山药4.66%、芋头2.00%;F6组,马铃薯、小麦、玉米、红薯各3.33%、山药2.00%、芋头4.66%）。经60 d的饲养,结果表明,F4组仿刺参的特殊增重率最高。在试验2中,在相同容器和条件下饲养平均体质量为4.22 g的仿刺参,对照组饲料（F0组）同试验1,各试验组饲料是用不同比例陆生植物淀粉搭配并全部取代鼠尾藻粉（F1组,南瓜、木瓜、红薯、马铃薯各3.75%,芋头5.0%,其它10.0%;F2组,南瓜、木瓜、红薯、马铃薯各3.75%,芋头10.0%,其它5.0%;F3组,南瓜、木瓜、红薯、马铃薯各3.75%,芋头15.0%,其它0%）。经60 d的饲养,结果表明,F2组仿刺参的特殊生长率、肠淀粉酶活性和消化率分别比对照组提高123.81%、133.93%、10.42%～13.37%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。用陆生植物淀粉取代鼠尾藻粉的饲料,可促进仿刺参生长的原因可能是其诱食作用和促进其消化吸收。

Growth and digestibility in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus fed diets replacement of sea weed Sargassum thunbergii meal by terrestrial plant starches

Two 60 day feeding trials were conducted to investigate growth and digestibility in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus fed diets replacement of sea weed Sargassum thunbergii meal by terrestrial plant starches.In the trial 1,the juveniles weighing 4.19 g in body weight were stocked into 45 cm× 31 cm×30 cm plastic tanks and fed 7 types of diet.The control diet contained fish meal as protein source and 30% sea weed（Group F0）.For other 6 diets 2/3 sea weed meal were replaced by different starch combinations of potato,wheat,corn,sweet potato,Chinese yam and taroroots（Group F1： 5.0% potato,5.0% wheat,5.0% corn,and 5.0% sweet potato;Group F2： 4.0% potato,4.0% wheat,4.0% corn,4.0% sweet potato,and 4.0% Chinese yam taro;Group F3： 4.0% potato,4.0% wheat,4.0% corn,4.0% sweet potato,and 4.0% taroroots;Group F4： 3.33% potato,3.33% wheat,3.33% corn,3.33% Chinese yam,and 3.33% taroroots,and 3.33% sweet potato;Group F5： 3.33% potato,3.33% wheat,3.33% corn,3.33% sweet potato,and 4.66% Chinese yam,and 2.00% taroroots;Group F6： 3.33% potato,3.33% wheat,3.33% corn,3.33% sweet potato,and 2.00% Chinese yam,and 4.66% taroroots）.The results showed that the sea cucumber fed the diets containing an equal combination of the terrestrial plants starch（group F4） had the maximal special growth rate.In the trial 2,the juveniles weighing 4.22 g in body weight were stocked into the same tanks and fed 4 types of diets.The control diet was the same as trial 1.For other 3 diets all the sea weed meal was replaced by different combinations of pumpkin,papaya,sweet potato,potato,and so on（Group 1：3.75% pumpkin,3.75% papaya,3.75% sweet potato,3.75% potato,5.0% taroroots,10.0% the other;Group F2：3.75% pumpkin,3.75% papaya,3.75% sweet potato,3.75% potato,10.0% taroroots,5.0% the other;Group F3：3.75% pumpkin,3.75% papaya,3.75% sweet potato,3.75% potato,15.0% taroroots,0.0% the other）.The sea cucumber fed the diet with the starch combinations of pumpkin,papaya,sweet potato and potato（1∶1∶1∶1）,and 10% taro（group F2） had significantly higher special growth rate,digestive amylase activity and digestibility than those in the control group（P0.01）,123.81%,133.93% and 10.42%-13.37% higher than those in the control group,respectively.The improvement of the growth by the diet replacement of Sargassum thunbergii by terrestrial plant starches is attributed to the increase in digestive tract amylase and lipase activities.