饲料中用豆粕替代鱼粉对仿刺参幼参生长、体成分及消化酶活性的影响

在等氮的基础上，用豆粕替代鱼粉的比例分别为0（对照，鱼粉的质量分数为39．9％）、20％、40％、60％、80％和100％，用上述6种饲料分别饲喂仿刺参Apostichopus japonicas幼参（0．34g±0．01g）56d。养殖试验在水泥育苗池内的圆柱体网箱（直径为60cm，高为65cm）中进行。结果表明：当用豆粕替代鱼粉的比例为40％时，仿刺参的增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组和其它饲料组（P〈0．05），饲料系数显著低于对照组和其它饲料组（P〈0．05）；试验仿刺参体壁的粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），而其它营养成分与对照组均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；仿刺参前肠中的蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；试验组仿刺参的体成分和前肠的各种消化酶的比活性与对照组相比差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。从仿刺参生长指标来看，豆粕是比鱼粉更好的蛋白源，但将豆粕适当地与鱼粉搭配，效果更好，即饲料中用豆粕替代鱼粉的最适比例为40％。

Effects of replacement of dietary fish meal by soybean meal on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus juveniles

A 56 -day trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fish meal with soybean meal in experimental diets for juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus （ initial weight 0.34 g ± 0.01 g） in cylinder net - cages （60 cm in diameter and 65 cm in height）. Six isonitrogenous diets were formulated with fish meal replaced by soybean meal at the levels of 0 （39.9% fishmeal）, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively. The maximal weight gain, specific growth rate and minimal feed conversion ratio were observed in the sea cucumber fed the diet containing 40% soybean meal （P 〈0.05）. Crude protein in sea cucumber fed the diet containing 40% soybean meal was significantly higher than that in the sea cucumber fed the control diet（P 〈0.05） , which showed no significant difference among the other treatments （P 〉 0.05）. Similarly, there was significantly higher protease activities in the foreguts of the seas cucumber fed the 40% soybean meal replacement than those in the sea cucumber fed the control diet（P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant difference in the body wall composition and digestive enzyme activities among the other groups （ P 〉 0.05）. It can be suggested from the experiment that it is better to add fish meal into the soybean meal for the sea cucumber diets, even though 40% fish meal can be replaced by soybean meal in the sea cucumber diet.