凡纳滨对虾免疫指标变化与其养殖环境理化因子的关系

选择两口凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei养殖土池（305#、301#池）,每隔14 d定期采集一次养殖对虾和水样,检测对虾血清、肝胰脏和肌肉组织中酚氧化酶（PO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力和抗菌活力（Ua）等免疫指标,以及水温、溶解氧（DO）等环境因子,探讨了养殖对虾免疫指标与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明：凡纳滨对虾各组织中免疫指标随亚硝酸盐氮、总氨氮等浓度的转变有很明显变化,301#池塘水体中总氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮由高于305#池转变为低于305#池,其养殖对虾体内各组织的免疫指标由低于305#池转变为高于305#池。表明在检测的养殖池塘理化因子中,总氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮是影响养殖对虾免疫指标最主要的因子,因此,养殖过程中应加以严格控制,以提高对虾的免疫力和抗病力。

Changes in non-specific immune parameters and water quality in Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds

The activities of phenoloxidase （ PO）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD）, alkaline phosphatase（ AKP）, and acid phosphatase（ACP） and antibacterial activity （Ua）in the serum, hepatapancreas, and muscles and temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and nitrite were determined in two Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds （Pond 305#, Pond 301#） from June to August, 2009 to evaluate the relationship between non-specif- ic immunity and water quality. The activity of the non-specificity immune enzymes was significantly changed with change in the ammonia, and nitrite levels in the culture ponds, from higher activity of the non-specificity immune enzymes in Pond 301 # with lower concentrations of the ammonia, and nitrite to the lower activity of the non-speci- ficity immune enzymes in Pond 305# with higher concentrations of the ammonia, and nitrite, indicating that the key factors affecting the shrimp non-specific immunity were ammonia nitrogen and nitrite.