贵州荔波干细洞和拉梭洞陆生动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

贵州省荔波县岩溶洞穴多，洞穴动物丰富，具有重要的科研价值。在洞穴生态系统中，洞穴动物是重要的生物类群，为探讨洞穴动物群落结构及其与环境的关系。本研究对荔波的干细洞（未受人类干扰）和拉梭洞（已受人类干扰）的洞穴动物进行了调查，并比较了两个洞穴的动物群落结构特征，应用主成分（PCA）法分析了动物群落结构与环境因子的关系。结果表明：干细洞共获动物536号，计56种，拉梭洞共获动物363号，计23种。多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数最高的分别是干细洞有光带群落（2.748 6）、干细洞有光带群落（6.733 8）、干细洞黑暗带群落（0.841 9）、拉梭洞黑暗带群落（0.395 5）；群落多样性指数和丰富度指数均沿有光带、弱光带、黑暗带呈递减趋势。群落间相似性指数偏低，除了群落E-F（0.428 5）、群落C-F（0.272 7）处于中等不相似水平，其余群落之间均处于极不相似水平。PCA分析表明，影响干细洞动物群落结构的主导因子为土壤营养元素（Na、K）、土壤有机质、气温、空气湿度和土壤湿度，影响拉梭洞动物群落结构的主导因子为土壤营养元素（Na、K）、土壤有机质、空气湿度、CO₂含量和滴水pH。研究可为洞穴动物的保护、生态资源可持续发展提供科学依据。

Relationship between terrestrial animal community structure and environmental factors in Ganxi cave and Lasuo cave, Libo, Guizhou

Both karst caves and cave animals are abundant in Libo County, Guizhou, and both systems have important value for scientific research. In the cave ecosystem, animals are an important biological group; therefore, the study of relationships between the community structure of these animals and their environment can provide a scientific basis for protecting the animals and sustainably develop the ecological resources of caves. To investigate the community structures of cave animals and main environmental factors that affect community diversity, the animal species and community structures of animals in Ganxi cave(undisturbed by humans)and Lasuo cave (disturbed by humans)were investigated and compared. Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the relationship between animal community structure and environmental factors. The results showed that the 536 samples collected in Ganxi cave came from 56 species and the 363 samples collected in Lasuo cave came from 23 species. The highest indexes for diversity, species richness, evenness, and dominance were from the light zone of Ganxi cave(2.748 6), light zone of Ganxi cave(6.733 8), dark zone of Ganxi cave (0.841 9), and dark zone of Lasuo cave(0.395 5), respectively. The community diversity and richness indexes showed a decreasing trend in the order of light zone > weak-light zone > dark zone. There was a low similarity index among the communities and they were very dissimilar; the exceptions were the E-F community(0.428 5)and C-F(0.272 7)community, which had a medium similarity level. Principal component analysis also showed that the dominant factors affecting the animal community structure of Ganxi cave were soil nutrient elements(Na, K) and organic matter, air temperature, and air and soil humidity. The dominant factors affecting the animal community structure of Lasuo cave were soil nutrient element(Na, K)and organic matter, air humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and water drop pH.