生态系统适应性管理：理论内涵与管理应用

生态系统的科学管理是生态系统可持续发展的关键，传统管理方法的局限性已经无法解决管理过程中遇到的复杂问题，一种新兴的管理方法——适应性管理应运而生，并受到学者的广泛关注。本文采用文献分析法和比较分析法研究了国内外2010—2020年生态系统适应性管理研究文献的数量特征，梳理了适应性管理的内涵发展、类型、适用条件，归纳了生态系统适应性管理的主要研究方向，指出了当前生态系统适应性管理研究存在的不足，并提出了相应的研究建议与展望。得出结论：国内外生态系统适应性管理研究方向和文献数量发展趋势基本一致，但是在文献数量方面差距悬殊；适应性管理的内涵不断被完善，但生态系统适应性管理的应用仍具有局限性，亟需达成内涵的统一认识并扩展应用范围，充分发挥适应性管理的优势，促进生态系统的可持续发展，取得最优的经济、生态和社会效益。

Ecosystem adaptive management: Theoretical connotations and management applications

The scientific management of ecosystems is key to the sustainable development of ecosystems. Owing to their limitations, traditional management methods can no longer solve the complex problems encountered in ecosystem management. An emerging management method, namely adaptive management, has received wide attention from scholars. The quantitative characteristics of domestic and foreign studies on ecosystem adaptive management from 2010 to 2020 were examined by literature analysis and comparative analysis. The connotation development, type, and application conditions of adaptive management were classified. The main research direction of ecosystem adaptive management was summarized. The existing problems of current ecosystem adaptive management research were identified, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. The specific conclusions can be summarized as follows:The research direction of ecosystem adaptive management and the development trend of the number of documents are almost the same in China and abroad, but there is a large gap in the quantity of literature. The connotation of adaptive management has continually improved, but the application of ecosystem adaptive management still has limitations. Therefore, it is urgent to reach a unified understanding of the connotation and expand the application scope to take full advantage of adaptive management, promote sustainable ecosystem development, and achieve the best ecological, economic, and social benefits.