长期施肥条件下土壤养分变化及其与土壤酸度的关系

为研究长期不同施肥处理对土壤氮、磷、钾与土壤酸度的影响,采集吉林农业大学长期定位试验培养场的土壤,并测定长期施肥土壤的养分含量及p H、交换性H+、交换性酸等指标,通过分析进一步了解长期定位施肥处理的土壤养分与酸度的关系。结果表明:有机物料的添加对土壤中全氮、碱解氮、全磷、缓效钾的影响较大,而对土壤全钾含量影响不大。长期不同施肥处理的土壤全氮与土壤交换性H+和阳离子交换量相关性显著,随着氮素的增加土壤交换性H+减少,阳离子交换量有所增加;土壤全磷与土壤酸度不相关;土壤中缓效钾与土壤交换性酸、土壤p H相关性显著,土壤缓效钾对土壤酸度的影响大,全钾的影响相对较小。长期不同施肥处理对土壤养分与土壤酸度有一定的影响。合理施肥在一定程度上能够改善土壤酸化。

Relationship between Nutrient Change and Acidity of Soil Under Long-term Fertilization

In order to study the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and soil acidity,soil of long-term fixed point experiment of Jilin Agricultural University was collected,nutrient content,pH,exchangeable H+,exchangeable acid and other indicators of soil under long-term fertilization were determined,and the relationship between soil nutrients and acidity under long-term fixed point fertilization treatment was further analyzed.The results show addition of organic materials had greater effects on soil total N,nitrogen,total phosphorus and slowly available potassium,but little effect on soil total potassium.Under different long-term fertilization treatments,soil nitrogen fertilization and soil exchangeable H+ and cation exchange capacity were significantly correlated.With the increase of soil nitrogen,soil exchangeable H+ reduced,but cation exchange capacity increased;soil total phosphorus and soil acidity were not correlated;soil potassium was significantly correlated with soil exchangeable acid,soil pH and exchangeable Al3+,slowly available potassium had great effect on soil acidity,but the effect of total potassium was relatively small.Under different long-term fertilization treatments,soil nutrients have some effects on soil acidity.Soil acidification can be improved by rational fertilization to a certain extent.