甘蔗开花生物学特性及花粉活力研究

在温室内观察甘蔗开花动态,用TTC法测定甘蔗花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。结果表明:花穗上小蠡花开放顺序,一般是自上而下,由外至内;ROC22和科五花粉活力于开花第1天达到80%以上,第2天有小幅度上升,之后迅速降低,第7天仅采到少许花粉,但活力仍在32%左右。甘蔗雌蕊柱头开花前1天具有可授性,自交授粉后的1~2 d内保持强可授性,之后柱头迅速变黑枯萎;未授粉柱头花开后的9 d内一直保持靓丽的艳红色,具强可授性。柱头可授性的最佳时期为开花后第1~9天,甘蔗的最佳授粉期为母本开花2 d后再授以父本花粉,4 d内即可完成杂交过程。

Flowering Phenology and Pollen Activity of Sugarcane

The sugarcane flowering dynamics was observed in a greenhouse.Sugarcane stigma receptivity was tested by using the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method,and sugarcane pollen activity was measured by using 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test.The results showed that the tiny flowers on an inflorescence generally bloom from the top to the bottom and from the outside to the inside.The pollen activity of sugarcane varieties ROC22 and Kewu was observed to be over 80％ at the first day of flowering,rose modestly at the second day and then fell rapidly.Only a little pollen was collected at the seventh day,but the pollen activity was still around 32％.The stigma of sugarcane pistil had receptivity prior to the first day of flowering,its receptivity was high within the first two days after self-pollination,and then the stigma pollinated rapidly turned black and withered.The non-pollinated stigma was bright red with strong receptivity within the first 9 days after flowering.The best time for the receptivity of stigma was from the first day to the 9th day after flowering.It was best to pollinate the sugarcane female parent with pollen of the male parent after 2 days of flowing of the female parent,and the hybridization process was completed in 4 days.