胡椒和咖啡2种中间性种子的萌发特性研究

研究了胡椒(Pipernigrum Linnaeus)和中粒种咖啡(Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner)种子在常温自然贮藏条件的萌发特性。结果表明,刚采收的胡椒种子和中粒种咖啡种子的含水量、发芽率、活力指数分别为29.32%和46.11%、88%和92.0%、1.46和5.57。自然贮藏20d,干燥脱水对胡椒种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达82.7%和1.03;之后,由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数迅速下降;自然贮藏60d,种子含水量下降到10.91%时,完全丧失发芽力。自然贮藏30d,干燥脱水对中粒种咖啡种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达80.5%和4.10;之后由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数急剧下降;自然贮藏90d,种子含水量下降到9.81%时,种子几乎完全丧失发芽力。由此认为,胡椒和中粒种咖啡是一种中间性种子,过度脱水使质膜结构和功能严重受损,最终导致种子活力的丧失。因此,在播种时,采用常温自然贮藏不超过20d的胡椒种子及贮藏不超过30d的中粒种咖啡种子为佳。

Characteristics of Germination of Piper nigrum and Coffea canephora Seeds Stored at an Ambient Temperature

Germination of Piper nigrum Linnaeus and Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner seeds stored at an ambient temperature was observed. The result indicated the moisture content, the germination rate and vigor index of P. nigrum seeds collected at harvest were 29.32%, 88% and 1.46 respectively. Stored 20 days at ambient temperature, these seeds were damaged lightly, and their germination rate and vigor index remained 82.7% and 1.03 respectively. Afterwards, the germination rate and vigor of these seeds decreased rapidly with time. Stored 60 days at an ambient temperature, the seeds almost lost their germination ability when their moisture content was below 10.91%. C. canephora seeds contained as high as 46.11% moisture when taken from ripened fruits, and the fresh seeds had the germination rate of 92.0% and the vigor index of 5.57. Stored 30 days at ambient temperature, the Coffea seeds were damaged lightly, and the germination rate and vigor index were still 80.5% and 4.10 respectively. Afterwards, the germination rate and seed vigor decreased dramatically with time. Stored 90 days at ambient temperature, the Coffea seeds almost lost their germination ability when their moisture content was 9.81%. Seeds of P. nigrum and C. canephora were found to have an intermediate storage behavior between orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. With more water lost, the membrane structure and function of P. nigrum and C. canephora seeds were seriously damaged, and their viability was lost at last. It was concluded that P. nigrum seeds stored within 20 days and C. canephora seeds stored within 30 days at an ambient temperature had higher germination ability when sown.