云南热带地区野生香蕉资源考察及分布现状分析

通过对云南热带地区的野生香蕉考察发现:在滇东南主要分布着小果野蕉(MusaacuminataColla)、阿宽蕉(M.itinerans Cheesman)、河口指天蕉(M.paracoccinea AZ.Liu et DZ.Li)、指天蕉(M.coccinea Andrews);滇南主要分布着小果野蕉、野蕉(M.balbisiana Colla)、阿宽蕉、阿希蕉(M.rubra Wallich ex Kurz)、指天蕉;滇西南主要分布着小果野蕉、野蕉、阿宽蕉、阿希蕉、指天蕉、血红蕉(M.sanguinea Hooker)、粉芭蕉(M.nagensium D.Prain)。滇西南可能是我国野生香蕉遗传多样性最丰富的地区。滇南光照充足、温度高、雨水多的生态环境,容易使野生香蕉形成大群落。建议对阿宽蕉进行原生境保护,其它野生种进行异生境保护,将主要栽培香蕉的两个野生祖先种小果野蕉和野蕉列为濒危植物进行重点保护。

Survey and Analysis of the Current Status of Wild Banana Resources Distributed in Tropical Area of Yunnan

A survey was made of the resources of wild bananas which represent all species of the genus Musa in the tropical area of Yunnan Province, China. Musa acuminata Colla, M. itinerans Cheesman, M. paracoccinea AZ. Liu et DZ. Li, and M. coccinea Andrews were found distributed in the southeast of Yunnan; M. acuminata, M. balbisiana Colla, M. itinerans, M. rubra Wallich ex Kurz, and M. coccinea in the south of Yunnan; Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana, M. itinerans, M. rubra, M. coccinea, M. sanguinea Hooker, and M. nagensium D. Prain in the southwest of Yunnan. This implies that the southwest region of Yunnan may be the diversity center of the wild banana of Musa in China. It was also found that there were some communities of M. itinerans in the south of Yunnan. It is proposed that the communities of M. itinerans be conserved in situ and the other species conserved ex-situ. M. acuminata and M. balbisiana are both the ancestors of the present major cultivars and shall be listed as endangered plants for key conservation.