福建烟区烤烟主要化学成分特征分析

分析福建烟区烤烟主要化学成分特征,为烟叶生产技术方案制定、生产布局优化和卷烟工业企业烟叶原料采购提供参考。测定福建3个烟叶产区2013—2019年度3个主栽烤烟品种烟叶样品的总糖、还原糖、总氮、总植物碱、淀粉、钾、氯的含量,计算氮碱比、糖碱比、钾氯比、两糖差等衍生值,分析比较主要化学成分年度变化规律、品种、部位及产区差异情况。实验结果显示,福建烟区烟叶总糖(32.9%)、还原糖(23.1%)、钾(3.37%)、淀粉(7.09%)含量较高,氯离子(0.20%)含量相对较低。年度间变化特征为,总氮和糖含量的变异系数均小于20%,氯含量变异系数71.5%。品种间变化特征为,‘K326’的总糖和还原含量最低,‘云烟87’的还原糖含量最高,‘CB-1’的烟碱显著低于‘K326’和‘云烟87’;3个品种氯含量差距最为显著,钾和淀粉含量无差异。部位间变化特征为,除氯含量外各指标差异显著。产区间变化特征为,龙岩烟区烟叶表现最高还原糖含量和最低淀粉含量,南平烟区烟叶呈现最高的氯含量和最低的钾含量,3个产区总糖、烟碱含量、氮碱比和糖碱比无显著差异。综上,福建烟叶呈现高糖钾淀粉、适氮碱、低氯的特点,总氮和糖的含量年度间稳定性较好,氯含量波动较大;品种间、产区间烟叶主要化学成分存在一定差异,部位间烟叶主要化学成分差异显著。

Characteristics of Main Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Fujian Tobacco-growing Area

The paper analyzed the characteristics of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Fujian tobacco-growing area, so as to provide references for production technology plan design, distribution optimization, and raw material purchase by cigarette corporations. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, starch, potassium, chlorine in tobacco leaf samples collected from 3 main tobacco-growing areas in Fujian from 2013 to 2019 were determined, the derivative values of the nitrogen/alkali ratio, sugar/alkali ratio, potassium/chlorine ratio, the difference of total sugar and reducing sugar were calculated, and finally a comparative analysis on annual change rules, cultivars, parts and regional characteristics of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves was conducted. The results showed that the contents of total sugar (32.9%), reducing sugar (23.1%), potassium (3.37%), starch (7.09%) were relatively high, while the content of chloride (0.20%) was relatively low. On annual changing characteristics, the variation coefficients of total nitrogen and sugar were less than 20%, and the variation coefficient of chlorine was 71.5%. There were significant differences in chlorine in tobacco leaves, but there was no significant difference in potassium and starch among different cultivars. ‘K326’ had least total sugar and reducing sugar, ‘Yunyan 87’ had the highest reducing sugar content. ‘CB-1’ had significantly less nicotine than both ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’. On producing area characteristics, tobacco leaves from Longyan showed the highest reducing sugar and the least starch contents, and tobacco leaves from Nanping showed the highest chlorine and the least potassium contents. There was no significant difference in total sugar, nicotine, nitrogen/alkali ratio and sugar/alkali ratio among the three producing areas. In summary, flue-cured tobacco leaves in Fujian showed relatively high contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, starch, appropriate contents of total nitrogen and nicotine, and relatively low content of chloride. The content of total nitrogen and sugar in the flue-cured tobacco leaves showed great stability and the content of chlorine had more volatility; main chemical components in tobacco leaves were quite different among the cultivars and producing areas, and significant differences were observed in different parts of tobacco leaves.