基于遥感的山东省土地利用时空变化和驱动力分析

利用山东省1970s、1980s、1995、2000、2005、2010和2015年共7期土地利用数据,采用土地利用动态度、结构变化、土地利用类型转移矩阵研究人类土地利用活动导致的生态环境变化,结果表明1970s—2015年山东土地利用类型变化较大,除建设用地增加迅速外,耕地、林地、草地和未利用土地均呈不同程度减少趋势,耕地用地为主要用地类型。信息熵上升、优势度下降、均衡度上升,说明各土地利用类型规模差异减少、单一土地利用类型支配程度下降;综合土地利用动态度为0.12,属于土地利用极缓慢型。单一土地利用动态度中,耕地、林地、草地利用极缓慢,建设用地中的建设用地动态度为7.07,在建设用地动态度中变化最大;土地利用类型变化主要表现为耕地转向建设用地,水域、未利用土地转向耕地和建设用地,水域转向未利用土地。耕地、草地与地区生产总值(X1)、第一产业(X2)、第二产业(X3)、第三产业(X4)有着显著负相关关系;建设用地与X1、X2、X3、X4之间有着显著的正相关关系;未利用土地与X1、X2、X3有着显著的负相关关系。

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Driving Forces of Land Use in Shandong Province Based on Remote Sensing

Based on the land use data of seven periods in Shandong Province, included 1970s, 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, used the land use dynamic degree, structural change and land use type transfer matrix to study the ecological environment change caused by human land use activities. The results showed that the land use types change greatly from 1970s to 2015 in Shandong Province, except for the rapid increase of construction land, cultivated land, forest land, grassland and unused land were all decreased in different degrees, and cultivated land was the main type of land. The increase of information entropy, the decrease of dominance and the increase of equilibrium indicated that the difference of land use types was reduced, and the dominance of single land use type was decreased; the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use was 0.12, which belonged to the very slow type of land use. In the single land use dynamic degree, cultivated land, forest land and grassland were used very slowly. The dynamic degree of construction land in construction land was 7.07, which changed the most in the dynamic degree of construction land. The change of land use type mainly showed that cultivated land turned to construction land, water area and unused land turned to cultivated land and construction land, and water area turned to unused land. Cultivated land and grassland had significant negative correlation with GDP(X1), primary industry(X2), secondary industry(X3) and tertiary industry(X4); construction land had significant positive correlation with X1, X2, X3 and X4; unused land had significant negative correlation with X1, X2 and X3.