山药零余子EMS诱变处理的研究

旨在确定EMS诱变山药零余子的最佳处理浓度和时间。以‘晋山药1号’的零余子为材料,采用不同浓度EMS溶液和浸泡时间对零余子进行诱变处理,对处理后的零余子出苗率、成苗率、变异率进行比较。结果表明：当EMS溶液浓度小于0.5%,山药零余子的浸泡时间小于18 h,出苗率、成苗率、变异率随着浸泡时间延长趋势不变;浸泡时间大于18 h而小于36 h时,出苗率随着浸泡时间的延长呈现上升趋势,而变异率的趋势不变。EMS溶液浓度大于0.5%小于0.9%,且浸泡时间小于24 h,出苗率随着浸泡时间延长呈现下降趋势,变异率随着浸泡时间延长趋势上升。EMS溶液浓度等于0.9%,浸泡时间等于24 h,出苗率约为50%。EMS溶液浓度大于0.9%,浸泡时间大于30 h,变异率随着浸泡时间延长呈现下降趋势。综上,EMS诱变山药零余子的最佳处理浓度为0.9%、浸泡时间24~30 h。

EMS Mutagenesis of Chinese Yam Tuber

The aim is to determine the optimal concentration and time of EMS mutation for Chinese yam tuber. Taking the tuber of ‘Jinshan 1’ as material, tuber mutagenesis was carried out by using different concentrations of EMS solution and soaking time. The emergence rate, seedling rate and variation rate of tuber were compared. The results showed that when the concentration of EMS solution was lower than 0.5% and the soaking time was shorter than 18 h, the emergence rate, seedling rate and variation rate remained unchanged with the prolongation of soaking time; when the soaking time was between 18 h and 36 h, the emergence rate increased with the prolongation of soaking time, but the variation rate remained unchanged. When the concentration of EMS solution was 0.5%-0.9% and the soaking time was less than 24 h, the emergence rate decreased and the variation rate increased with the prolongation of soaking time. When the concentration of EMS solution was 0.9% and soaking time was 24 h, the emergence rate was about 50%. When the concentration of EMS solution was more than 0.9% and the soaking time was longer than 30 h, the variation rate decreased with the prolongation of soaking time. Taken together, the optimal EMS solution is 0.9% and the best soaking time is 24-30 h for Chinese yam tuber.