小麦抗蚜品种的遗传多样性SSR标记分析

分析小麦抗蚜品种（系）的遗传多样性，为进一步培育和推广抗蚜品种提供依据。在田间对956份小麦品种（系）损失率鉴定结果的基础上，取47份年度间鉴定抗性结果较为一致的材料，按损失率大小，由小到大排列起来，利用筛选的18对多态性SSR标记检测了参试材料的遗传多态性。结果表明，18对SSR标记在47份不同抗性品种中检测到99个等位基因，能够将所有品种区分开来，每对引物可以检测到1～10个等位基因，平均为5．21个。47个小麦品种间的相对遗传距离在0．33～0．94之间，平均为0．65。高抗品种间相对遗传距离平均为0．59（0．39～0．77）；中抗品种间的相对遗传距离平均为0．62（0．39～0．83）；感虫品种间的相对遗传距离平均为0．62（0．37～0．83）；高感品种间的相对遗传距离平均为0．64（0．37～0．84）。SSR标记聚类分析在相对遗传距离为0．67处将供试材料分为7大类群。选育和推广抗虫品种时尽可能选择聚类图中亲缘关系较远的材料。抗虫品种‘临远95—5322’单独聚为一类，同其余品种具有较远的亲缘关系，可作为新的抗源用于抗虫育种。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wheat Aphids Resistant Wheat Varieties by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

Based on field appraisal results for yield loss caused by aphids, 47 wheat varieties/lines with different degrees of aphid resistance were studied by 18 SSR markers to explore the genetic diversity of wheat aphids. Eighteen SSR markers were screened and a total of 99 allelic variants were detected in 47 wheat varieties, ranging from 1 to 10 alleles per marker with an average of 5.21. The mean of alleles of high resistance insect （HR） wheat varieties was 3.83, that of resistance insect （R） varieties was 3.88, that of sensitive insect （S） varieties was 4.06 and that of high sensitive insect （HS） varieties was 3.56. The PIC （polymorphism information contents） for each polymorphic primer varied from 0 to 0.91, with an average of 0.64. The PIC of the HR varieties averaged 0.60 （0-0.97）, that of the R varieties 0.64 （0-0.99）, that of the S varieties 0.64 （0.14-0.85） and that of the HS varieties 0.67 （0-0.81）. The mean genetic distance （GD） among 47 varieties was 0.65, varying from 0.33 to 0.94, that among HR varieties was 0.59, from 0.39 to 0.77, that among R varieties was 0.62, from 0.39 to 0.83, that among S varieties was 0.62, from 0.37 to 0.83, and that among HS variety was 0.64, from 0.37 to 0.84. Based on the 0.67 of GD, 47 varieties were clustered into seven groups. Resistant insect variety Linyuan 95-5322 was a group by oneself. There was a further genetic relationship between ‘Linyuan 95-5322＇ and other varieties, and so the ‘Linyuan 95-5322＇ might be used as a resistant insect parent.