不同药剂及施药技术对小麦赤霉病的防治效果研究

近年来,长江中下游麦区小麦赤霉病流行频率高,危害重,小麦赤霉病菌对苯并咪唑类多菌灵及其复配剂已产生明显抗性,防效下降,笔者从在小麦赤霉病已登记和尚未登记的杀菌剂品种中选择了6大类16个农药品种,按推荐用量进行比较试验,筛选对小麦赤霉病抗性菌株高效的防治药剂,同时对最佳施药时期、用药次数、防治间隔期进行试验。结果表明:咪鲜胺、氯啶·戊唑醇、戊唑·咪鲜胺、氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇4种药剂对小麦赤霉病有良好的防控效果好,防效均在80%以上,可作为替代多菌灵防治小麦赤霉病的首选药种。戊唑·多菌灵、咪鲜·多菌灵、戊唑醇、申嗪霉素、氰烯菌酯5个药剂对小麦赤霉病的防控效果在70%~80%,相当或略优于多菌灵处理,可作为防治小麦赤霉病交替使用的药种,其中申嗪霉素作为抗菌素类药剂,对减少化学药剂使用量,减轻环境压力具有重要意义。试验同时明确了在小麦赤霉病发生年份,防治小麦赤霉病用药1次的最佳施药期为小麦扬花初期,最佳用药次数为扬花初期、间隔5~7天用药2次,最佳防治间隔期为5~7天。

Control Efficiency of Different Pesticides and Application Technologies Against Wheat Scab

In recent years, the wheat scab has become a severe epidemic around the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in China, and Fusarium graminearum has obvious resistance to benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim and its compounded agents. The authors selected 16 kinds of pesticides of 6 categories from registered and unregistered bactericides, conducted comparative experiments according to recommended dosage to screen the efficient fungicide to control the resistant strain, and also studied the best fungicides spray period, frequency and intervals. The results showed that: prochloraz, the mixture of triclopyricarb and tebuconazole, the mixture of tebucon azole and prochloraz and the mixture of JS399-19 and tebuconazole had good control effect on wheat scab, and the control efficiency was above 80% , which could be used as a replacement of carbendazim. The control efficiency of the mixture of tebuconazole and carbendazim, the mixture of prochloraz and carbendazim, tebuconazole, shenqinmycin and JS399-19 was 70%-80%, which was equal to or slightly better than that of carbendazim treatment, and they could be used as alternates. Shenqinmycin was a kind of antibiotic drugs, which had significant meanings to reduce the usage amount of chemical agent and environment stress. The results also showed the happen years of wheat scab, and the best spray period was the preliminary stage of flowering stage, the best pesticide application frequency was twice at the preliminary stage of flowering stage with a 5-7 days interval, and the best interval was 5-7 days.