腐植酸土壤调理剂对黄河三角洲盐碱土化学性状及小麦产量的影响

为研究腐植酸土壤调理剂对黄河三角洲盐碱土的改良效果,通过腐植酸土壤调理剂与常规肥料配伍,在黄河三角洲盐碱土壤上进行3年小麦定位试验。结果表明：施用腐植酸土壤调理剂能够改善土壤化学性状。与常规施肥相比,施用腐植酸土壤调理剂后,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高3.8%~5.0%、8.6%~12.0%、16.4%~29.2%、27.3%~30.7%。腐植酸土壤调理剂能够改良土壤盐碱障碍,相比常规施肥处理,pH降低0.30~0.43个单位,碱化度降低4.6%~27.2%,脱盐率为17.28%~23.53%,钠离子含量降低15.4%~42.7%,氯离子含量降低20.7%~37.6%。2250 kg/hm²和3000 kg/hm²土壤调理剂施用量间均无显著差异。腐植酸土壤调理剂能够提高小麦产量,与常规施肥相比,小麦产量提高7.47%~25.83%。综上,施用腐植酸土壤调理剂2250 kg/hm²是改良黄河三角洲盐碱土以及提高小麦产量的最佳用量。

Humic Acid Soil Conditioner: Effects on Chemical Properties of Saline-alkali Soil and Wheat Yield in the Yellow River Delta

To study the improving effect of humic acid soil conditioner on saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta, humic acid soil conditioner was combined with conventional fertilizer, and a 3-year wheat positioning test on saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta was carried out. The results showed that: the humic acid soil conditioner could improve soil chemical properties; compared with conventional fertilization, the soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P and available K was increased by 3.8%-5.0%, 8.6%-12.0%, 16.4%-29.2% and 27.3%-30.7%, respectively, in soil treated by humic acid soil conditioner; compared with conventional fertilization, humic acid soil conditioner could improve soil salinity barrier, the soil pH was reduced by 0.30-0.43 units, soil exchangeable sodium percentage was reduced by 4.6%-27.2%, the desalination rate was 17.28%-23.53%, the content of soil Na⁺ and Cl^- was reduced by 15.4%-42.7% and 20.7%-37.6%, respectively; there was no significant difference between humic acid soil conditioner application of 2250 kg/hm²and 3000 kg/hm²; compared with conventional fertilization, the wheat yield of soil applied with humic acid soil conditioner could increase by 7.47%-25.83%. In conclusion, humic acid soil conditioner of 2250 kg/hm² is regarded as the optimum dosage to improve the saline-alkali soil and increase wheat yield in the Yellow River Delta.