华南地区主要蔬菜磷钾肥料利用率研究现状

总结了近年来在华南地区主要蔬菜生产区进行的田间试验结果,分析了施磷钾肥对叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜产量和养分吸收的影响,以及目前条件下华南地区蔬菜磷钾肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料表观利用率、生理利用率、肥料贡献率和地力贡献率。结果表明,叶菜、瓜类和豆类蔬菜施用磷钾肥均能促进蔬菜产量的增加和磷钾养分的吸收。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜磷肥偏生产力分别为781.9 kg/kg、257.6 kg/kg、211.9 kg/kg,农学效率为30.5 kg/kg、64.1 kg/kg、23.1 kg/kg,表观利用率为17.2%、9.7%、6.1%,生理利用率为222.3 kg/kg、370.6 kg/kg、292.7kg/kg,肥料贡献率为16.4 %、19.4%、12.9%,地力贡献率为83.6 %、80.4%、87.1%。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜钾肥偏生产力分别为298.8 kg/kg、164.3 kg/kg、165.8 kg/kg,农学效率为29.5 kg/kg、39.5 kg/kg、25.8 kg/kg,表观利用率为24.8%、24.3%、13.0%,生理利用率为152.3 kg/kg、218.6 kg/kg、229.1kg/kg,肥料贡献率为13.8 %、21.6%、17.4%,地力贡献率为86.2 %、78.3%、82.6%。分析肥料利用率分布频率可以看出,磷肥表观利用率＜20%的试验样本和钾肥表观利用率＜30%的试验样本均占总样本的80%以上,表明目前试验条件下各类蔬菜的磷钾肥利用率较低,生产上需同时解决蔬菜产量及肥料利用效率提高的问题。

Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Main Vegetables in South China

To explore the efficient vegetable production in South China, data from field experiments in vegetable producing areas were collected to analyze the effects of hosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield and nutrient absorption by vegetables under the experimental conditions. In addition, these data were also used for evaluating partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent recovery efficiency (ARE), physiological efficiency (PE), fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and soil contribution rate (SCR) of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The results showed that the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to vegetables (leaf, gourd and leguminous vegetables) had positive effects on vegetable yield and adsorption of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. For leaf, gourd, and leguminous vegetables, the average PFPP was 781.9, 257.6 and 211.9 kg/kg, respectively; AEP was 30.5, 64.1 and 23.1 kg/kg, respectively; AREP was 17.2%, 9.7% and 6.1%, respectively; PEP was 222.3, 370.6 and 292.7 kg/kg, respectively; FCR was 16.4%, 19.4% and 12.9%, respectively; SCR was 83.6%, 80.4% and 87.1%, respectively; PFPK was 298.8, 164.3 and 165.8 kg/kg, respectively; AEK was 29.5, 39.5 and 25.8 kg/kg, respectively; AREK was 24.8%, 24.3% and 13.0%, respectively; PEK was 152.3, 218.6 and 229.1 kg/kg; FCR was 13.8%, 21.6% and 17.4%, respectively; and SCR was 86.2%, 78.3% and 82.6%, respectively. Fertilizer use efficiency distribution show that over 80% of the vegetable has an AREP smaller than 20% and an AREK smaller than 30%, suggesting that under current conditions, the fertilizer use efficiency of various vegetables is low. In vegetable production, high yield should be based on high fertilizer use efficiency.