油草混播种类对油菜生产和草地生产性能的影响

为筛选与门源油菜混播效益最高的牧草种类,解决油菜连作障碍问题,提高青藏高原高海拔区土地的生产能力,本研究采用油菜混播箭筈豌豆、青稞和燕麦的方式,分时段取样,探究了油菜混播不同牧草对在不同时段牧草自身生产能力的影响,并通过土地当量比判断各混播组合的优劣。研究表明油菜-燕麦混播处理在7月6日时表现干重最高,单位面积达174.48 g；在7月21日表现为鲜重和鲜干比最高,在8月15日时表现为株高显著高于单作油菜(p＜0.05),较单作油菜高97.02%；鲜重最高,达2817.00 g。在9月11日,油菜-青稞和油菜-燕麦混播处理的株高显著高于单作油菜(p＜0.05),分别较单作油菜高64.33%和99.68%,以油菜-青稞混播处理的干重最高,达589.00 g,较单作油菜处理高147.51%。油菜-箭筈豌豆混播和油菜-燕麦混播有产量优势,油菜-燕麦混播的土地当量比最高,为1.11,土地利用效果最好。

Rapeseed-Grass Mixed Sowing Patterns: Effects on Rapeseed Production and Grassland Productivity

To screen the pasture types which have the highest mixed sowing benefit with rapeseed in Menyuan, solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of rapeseed and improve the productivity of grassland in high altitude area of Qinghai- Tibet Plateau, we conducted the samplings in different periods to study the effects of rapeseed mixed with common vetch, hulless barley and oats on the productivity of pasture, and judged the advantages and disadvantages of each mixed combination by the land equivalent ratio. The results showed that: the rapeseed-oat mixed sowing had the highest dry weight on July 6 with a unit area of 174.48 g; on July 21, the fresh weight and fresh-to-dry ratio were both the highest, and the plant height was 97.02% significantly higher than that of rapeseed monoculture on August 15 (P<0.05), and the highest fresh weight was 2817.00 g; on September 11, the plant height of rapeseed-hulless barley and rapeseed-oat mixed sowing was significantly higher than that of rapeseed monoculture (P<0.05), by 64.33% and 99.68%, respectively; the highest dry weight was 589.00 g, 147.51% higher than that of rapeseed monoculture. In conclusion, the mixed sowing of rapeseed-common vetch and rapeseed-oat both have the advantage of yield, and the rapeseed-oat mixed sowing has the highest land equivalent ratio of 1.11 with the best land use effect.