氮肥利用率的研究进展

为了提高作物的氮肥利用率，减少资源浪费、降低环境污染和提高作物产量提供科学依据。文章回顾了国内外近年来氮肥利用率的研究成果，从氮肥利用率的研究方法及影响因素等方面分析了氮肥利用率的研究历史、现状和存在问题。归纳得出中国氮肥利用率较低，施肥缺乏科学性，具体表现为氮肥施用量过大、氮肥挥发及硝化反硝化损失严重、施肥时期及施用量与作物氮素吸收规律不协调、肥料品种较单一等。建议结合测土配方施肥、实时监控管理等技术，合理地确定氮肥种类、用量、施用方式及时期，加强新型肥料及肥料增效剂等新技术的研发和推广，并注重作物氮高效品种资源的挖掘和应用，进而从土壤、肥料、品种、管理方式等多方面提高氮肥利用率。

Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency: Research Progress

The aim is to provide a scientific basis for improving crop nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, reducing resource waste, decreasing environmental pollution and increasing crop yield. This study reviews the research results of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in recent years at home and abroad, and analyzes the research history, current status and existing problems of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency from the research methods and the influencing factors of nitrogen use efficiency. It is concluded that the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in China was low, and lack of scientific in fertilization, such as the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, the serious nitrogen fertilizer volatilization and nitrification and denitrification loss, the inconsistent fertilization period and application rate with the nitrogen absorption rule of crops, and the comparatively simple fertilizer varieties and so on. It is recommended to combine the formula fertilization by soil testing, real- time supervision to reasonably determine the type, amount, application methods and fertilizing period, strengthen development and extension of new technologies such as new type of fertilizer and fertilizer synergists, and highlight the mining and application of crop nitrogen efficient variety resources, thus to improve nitrogen use efficiency from various aspects such as soil, fertilizer, variety and management methods.