论乡村产业振兴*

当前,全国上下正在全力推进乡村振兴战略的实施。乡村振兴,产业兴旺是重点。如何实现乡村产业振兴、产业兴旺？这是值得研究的紧迫而现实的重要问题。本文首先分析了乡村产业振兴在乡村振兴战略中的地位与作用,认为：乡村产业振兴是乡村振兴的物质基础;乡村产业振兴是乡村振兴的首要目标;乡村产业振兴是乡村振兴的重要内容;乡村产业振兴是乡村振兴的突出标志;乡村产业振兴是乡村振兴的内生动力。其次,对新中国成立70年来我国乡村产业发展的历程进行了简要回顾,并将其划分为4个发展阶段：第一阶段：1949~1977年,传统产业缓慢发展;第二阶段：1978~2000年,乡镇企业异军突起;第三阶段：2001~2011年,新型产业不断涌现;第四阶段：2012年至今,乡村产业绿色“转型”。 第三,指出了当前我国乡村产业存在的突出问题,即：产业门类少、生产规模小、产业层次浅、产业链条短、生产效率低、特色产业弱、品牌产业缺、产业环境差、产品质量低和缺乏竞争力。最后,针对上述存在的问题,提出了实施乡村振兴战略,实现乡村产业振兴,要遵循以下6大原则：“三农”并重原则、“三效”并举原则、“三产”融合原则、城乡共进原则、因地制宜原则和循序渐进原则,并采取10项具体措施：(1)制定战略规划;(2)改造传统产业;(3)发展新兴产业;(4)延长产业链条;(5)拓展农业功能;(6)打造产业品牌;(7)优化生态环境;(8)鼓励返乡创业;(9)培养乡村人才;(10)强化组织领导。

Revitalization of Rural Industry

At present, the whole country is making every effort to promote the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy, whose focus is industrial prosperity. How to realize the revitalization and prosperity of rural industry is an urgent and realistic issue which is worthy of study. Firstly, this paper analyzes the status and role of rural industry revitalization in Rural Revitalization Strategy, and briefly reviews the development process of rural industry in China since 1949, and divides the process into four development stages: The first stage (1949- 1977): the slow development of traditional industries; the second stage(1978- 2000): the emergence of township enterprises; the third stage(2001-2011): the emergence of new industries; the fourth stage(from 2012 to now):the green "transformation" of rural industry. Secondly, it points out the prominent problems existing in current rural industry in China, such as: fewer categories of industries, small production scale, shallow industrial level, short industrial chain, low production efficiency, weak characteristic industries, lack of brand industries, poor industrial environment, low product quality and lack of competitiveness. Finally, in view of the above problems, this paper puts forward six principles and 10 specific measures to implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy and realize the rural industry revitalization, aiming at making a contribution to the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy.