几种城市绿地有机肥的改土效果及其对台湾草生长的影响

本研究通过盆栽试验,探讨深圳城市绿地常用有机肥（蘑菇渣堆肥、鸡粪有机肥、猪粪有机肥和园林废弃物堆肥）的改土效果及其对台湾草生长的影响,以期为绿地土壤有机肥的合理应用提供科学参考。结果表明：施用有机肥处理的土壤有机质、氮磷钾养分和腐殖质总碳含量均显著高于对照(P<0.05);园林废弃物堆肥处理的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷含量均最高,分别为对照的10.7、5.0、8.6、17.4倍;土壤全钾和速效钾含量均表现为蘑菇渣堆肥>鸡粪有机肥>园林废弃物堆肥>猪粪有机肥。施用有机肥对土壤团聚体的影响主要体现在大团聚体上,其相对含量表现为园林废弃物堆肥>猪粪有机肥>对照>蘑菇渣堆肥>鸡粪有机肥,微团聚体则相反。此外,台湾草地上部鲜重和干重均以鸡粪有机肥处理最高;叶绿素a、b和总含量均以园林废弃物堆肥处理最高,显著高于蘑菇渣堆肥和猪粪有机肥处理,且相较对照增加了25.0%、33.3%、27.3%。综上所述,园林废弃物堆肥是深圳市绿地改土效果最佳的有机肥。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Improvement and Growth of Zoysia pacifica in Green Space

To provide a reference for rational application of organic fertilizer in green space soil, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizers (mushroom residue, chicken manure, pig manure and green waste) on soil improvement and growth of Zoysia pacifica. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, NPK and total humus carbon in the soil treated with organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those in the control (P<0.05). The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were the highest in the treatment of green waste, which were 10.7, 5.0, 8.6 and 17.4 times of those of the control, respectively. The contents of total potassium and available potassium in the soil were as follows: mushroom residue > chicken manure > green waste > pig manure. The effect of organic fertilizer application on soil aggregates was mainly reflected in macroaggregates, whose relative content was as follows: green waste > pig manure > control > mushroom residue > chicken manure, while the effects on microaggregates were on the contrary. In addition, the fresh and dry weight of Zoysia pacifica in chicken manure treatment were the highest. The contents of chlorophyll a, b and total content in green waste treatment were the highest, which were significantly higher than those of mushroom residue and pig manure treatments, and increased by 25.0%, 33.3% and 27.3% compared with the control. To sum up, green waste is the best organic fertilizer for green space improvement in Shenzhen.