农业分工、农户分化与水稻生产机械化服务——基于江西的实证

水稻机械化服务是农业机械化服务的重要组成部分,在推进农业现代化进程中发挥巨大作用。本文运用粮食主产区（江西）1237份农户调研数据,通过构建Probit、Tobit模型,实证分析农业分工、农户分化对水稻主要生产环节机械化服务的影响,研究表明：（1）在耕地环节,农业分工（农业生产环节外包数量、水稻商品化率）、农户分化（非农就业人数占比、以水稻种植面积分化的小农户和规模农户）中除水稻商品化率,余下变量均对农户采用机械化服务产生显著影响;（2）在收割环节,农业分工、农户分化相关变量对农户采用机械化服务产生显著影响;（3）针对水稻耕种收综合机械化服务水平,农业分工、农户分化相关变量对水稻耕种收综合机械化服务水平产生显著影响,并据此提出有效推进农业分工深化,合理引导小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接,完善农机服务环境等相关建议。

Agricultural Division of Labor,Farmer Differentiation and Mechanized Service of Rice Production:Based on the Empirical Study of Jiangxi

Rice mechanization service is an important part of agricultural mechanization service and plays a significant role in promoting agricultural modernization. This thesis uses 1237 farmer household survey data in the main grain producing areas (Jiangxi) to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural division and farmer differentiation on the mechanized services of major rice production links by constructing Probit and Tobit models. Research shows that: (1) as to the land cultivation process, among the variables related the division of labor (the number of outsourcing of agricultural production, the rate of rice commercialization) and the differentiation of farmers (the proportion of non-agricultural employment, the small farmers and large-scale farmers divided by rice planting area), except the rice commercialization rate, the remaining variables all have a significant impact on the use of mechanized services by farmers; (2) in the harvesting process, the variables related to agricultural division and farmer differentiation have a significant impact on the use of mechanized services by farmers; (3) in view of the comprehensive mechanization service level of rice cultivation, planting and harvesting, the relevant variables of agricultural division and farmer differentiation have a significant impact on the comprehensive mechanized service level. Based on these results, the following suggestions are put forward, including taking effective measures to deepen the agricultural division of labor, reasonably guiding small farmers to organically link up with modern agricultural development, and improving agricultural machinery service environment.