油菜秸秆饲料化潜力及展望

为了研究油菜秸秆饲料化利用技术,综述了国内外近30年对油菜秸秆的研究,发现油菜秸秆粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量较高,饲用潜力大,但油菜秸秆因其木质化程度高、适口性差在实际生产中难以饲喂而存在大量丢弃、焚烧的情况。有关油菜秸秆饲料化技术的研究还存在不足,油菜秸秆饲用的限制因素难以得到解决,因此,今后还需研究如何改善油菜秸秆的适口性以增加动物的采食量,提高油菜秸秆的利用效率。本研究从油菜秸秆的饲用潜力出发,探讨了限制油菜秸秆饲用的因素,综述了目前已有的氨化、青贮、微贮等油菜秸秆饲料化技术,分析了不同技术的优缺点,并进一步提出了未来油菜秸秆饲料化有可能的研究方向。

Rape Straw Feed: Potential and Prospects

In order to study the forage utilization technology of rape straw, this paper summarized the domestic and foreign researches on rape straw in recent 30 years. We found that the crude fat and protein content of rape straw were high and the feeding potential was great; however, due to its high lignification degree and poor palatability, the rape straw could not be fed in practical production, so it was discarded and burned in large quantities. There are still deficiencies in the research on the forage technology of rape straws, and it is difficult to solve the limiting factors of feeding rape straws. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to improve the palatability of rape straw in order to increase animal feed intake and improve the utilization efficiency of rape straw. From the perspective of the forage potential of rape straws, we discuss the factors restricting the forage use of rape straws, summarize the existing technologies, such as ammoniation, silage and microstorage, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies, and put forward the research direction of feeding rape straw in the future.