山西谷子品种主要农艺性状的相关和主成分分析

为了明确山西谷子品种主要农艺性状间的关系,采用相关分析和主成分分析方法对11个山西谷子品种的10个农艺性状进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状的变异范围为1.94%~13.39%,各农艺性状的变异程度由大到小依次为单穗重、穗粒重、产量、穗长、株高、千粒重、出苗期—抽穗期天数、抽穗期—成熟期天数、出谷率、生育期。抽穗期—成熟期天数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、出谷率等5个性状指标与产量呈正相关,其中,抽穗期—成熟期天数与产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),出苗期—抽穗期天数与抽穗期—成熟期天数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),出苗期—抽穗期天数与生育期呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在所有的主成分分析中,主要集中在前3个主成分,其累积贡献率达75.20%。在对高产品种综合性状评价和选育过程中,穗粒重是提高产量的关键,但同时也应注重对其他性状的综合考虑,注重选择单穗重偏高、株高偏低、生育期、穗长和出谷率适中的材料。

Main Agronomic Traits of Millet Varieties in Shanxi: Correlation and Principal Component Analysis

To clarify the relationship among main agronomic traits of millet varieties in Shanxi, we analyzed 10 agronomic traits of 11 millet varieties by adopting the correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that: the variation range of agronomic traits was 1.94%-13.39%; the variation range of agronomic traits from big to small was single ear weight, grain weight per spike, yield, ear length, plant height, weight of thousand-grain, the number of days from emergence to heading, the number of days from heading to maturity, grain percentage and fertility period; 5 traits such as the number of days from heading to maturity, single ear weight, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand-grain and grain percentage were positively correlated with yield, among them, the number of days from heading to maturity was significantly and positively correlated with yield (P<0.05), the number of days from emergence to heading was significantly and negatively correlated with the number of days from heading to maturity (P<0.01), and the number of days from emergence to heading was significantly and positively correlated with fertility period (P<0.01). Among all the principal components’ analysis, the first three principal components were the focus, and their cumulative contribution rate to variance was 75.20%. In the comprehensive traits evaluation and breeding of high-yield varieties, grain weight per spike is the key to increase the yield, at the same time, comprehensive consideration should be paid to other traits, and varieties with high single ear weight, low plant height, moderate fertility period, ear length and grain percentage should be selected.