农村人居环境质量客观评价指标体系研究

为了探究农村人居环境建设质量评价方法,填补相关研究空白,本研究基于美丽乡村视角建立了以村庄为空间单元的农村人居环境客观评价指标体系,由产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕5个一级指标和31个二级指标构成。采用综合指数测算法对村庄的人居环境客观指标予以评分,并进行了质量分级。结果表明：各村庄综合评分和一级指标的评分均有一定的差异,说明村庄人居环境发展具有不平衡性;一级指标中治理有效和生活富裕评分较低,有必要采取措施提高村庄治理能力,多途径发展农村经济增加农民收入。根据各村庄人居环境质量客观指标评分情况,将农村人居环境质量划分为优、良、一般和差4个级别。提出了促进农村人居环境发展的相关建议,确定以村庄为空间单元的农村人居环境发展目标与规划,建立以村庄为单元的农村人居环境客观指标统计制度,发挥农村基层组织的作用提高村庄人居环境治理能力,多途径发展农村经济增加农民收入。

The Objective Evaluation Index System of Rural Human Settlements’ Environment Quality

To explore the quality evaluation method of rural human settlements’ environment, five first grade indexes (prosperous industries, livable ecology, civilized countryside, effective governance and wealthy life), and 31 second grade indicators are selected to build up the evaluation system from the beautiful countryside perspective. According to the overall score of each village, the villages’ human settlements’ environment qualities are categorized into four levels: excellent, good, fare, and non-satisfied. Six villages in one town of Yantai were investigated. The results show that there are some differences between villages on the overall scores and the first grade indexes reflecting the unbalanced village human settlements’ environment construction. The score of effective governance and wealthy life are relatively low, indicating more efforts are needed to improve the ability of village governance and develop rural economy in multiple ways to increase farmer’s income. The paper puts forward suggestions to promote the quality of rural human settlements’ environment, including formulating the development goal and plan of rural human settlements with village as the spatial unit, establishing the objective index statistical system of rural human settlements based on villages, and giving a full play of the role of rural grass-roots organizations to improve their governance ability, and developing rural economy in multiple ways to increase farmers' income.