烟草抗虫机制研究进展

烟草是重要的经济作物,而烟草的害虫种类在中国已达300余种,严重制约了烟草的生产。植物抗虫性是防治害虫最为经济有效的手段,为更好了解目前国内外在烟草抗虫机制方面的研究情况,笔者总结了烟草对害虫的基础性组成防御和诱导化学防御、烟草抗虫信号途径及分子机制。提出烟草上的主要害虫已经由鳞翅目害虫逐步向刺吸式害虫转变,而目前国内外关于烟草的抗虫性以及抗虫育种,是对单一害虫的研究,因此要加大烟草对多种害虫的综合抗性的研究以及多抗性品种的选育工作。同时分析指出光合作用是植物防御昆虫的一个程序化反应,在研究提高植物烟草抗虫性以及烟草抗虫品种选育的过程中,烟草的初级代谢过程特别是光合作用,也应该是重点考虑的方面,在烟草抗虫性研究上应有效地进行多学科结合,从多个角度去研究阐述这个问题,特别是与植物生理学、分子生物学、烟草栽培学以及烟草育种学的结合。

Tobacco Resistance Mechanism to Insect Herbivores: Research Progress

Tobacco is one of the important economic crops in China. The tobacco pest species have reached more than 300 in China, which severely restrict the production of tobacco. Plant insect resistance is the most cost-effective means to control pests. To better understand current researches on tobacco resistance to pest at home and abroad, this review summarized basic composition of tobacco resistance to pests and induced chemical defense, signal pathways and molecular mechanisms. It was suggested that the main pests on tobacco had been transformed from the Lepidoptera pests to the sucking pests. However, the researches on tobacco insect resistance and resistance breeding aimed at single pest at home and abroad. Therefore, the study on comprehensive resistance to different pests and the breeding of multi- resistant varieties should be strengthened. At the same time, it was pointed out that photosynthesis was a systematic reaction of plant defense against insects. In the process of improving the tobacco resistance to insect and tobacco resistance breeding, the primary metabolic process of tobacco, especially photosynthesis, should also be the focus. Study on tobacco resistance to insects should be carried out with multi-disciplinary combination, to elaborate the issue from a number of perspectives, especially plant physiology, molecular biology, tobacco cultivation and tobacco breeding.