中国内陆渔船尾气排放调研研究—以湖南、江西两省渔船为例

随着环境保护、经济社会可持续发展等相关立法力度的加大,渔船尾气排放问题逐渐引起管理层和业界的广泛关注。对湖南、江西2省3个地区(岳阳、沅江和上饶)进行走访调研；同时携带烟气测试仪对其捕捞作业渔船进行现场检测,其中实际检测9艘,木质的8艘,钢质的1艘,船长都在12 m及以下,总功率都小于44.1kW；并按照规范现场获取油样,共取得有效样本9份,通过专业运输公司寄送至国家专业油样分析机构进行检测分析。结果显示：在高速和低速两种工况下,9条船中,有3艘渔船在低速航行条件下,CO排放指标未达到第三阶段排放标准(小于5.5 g/kWh),其他均达到,达到率83.3%；按照GB252—2015普通柴油分类要求,所有油样样品都达到要求,合格率为100%。研究表明：我国内陆渔船尾气排放量总体影响较小；排放量与柴油机使用年限相关性不大；须提高燃油品质、减少污染物排放；应加强渔船尾气后处理系统的开发应用等。内陆捕捞作业渔船尾气排放总体情况较好,但仍有进一步提升的空间。

Investigation on Exhaust Emissions of Inland Fishing Vessels in China: A Case Study of Fishing Boats in Hunan and Jiangxi

With the development of environmental protection and sustainable development of economy and society, the issue of exhaust emissions from fishing vessels has gradually attracted the attention of management and industry. Interviews were conducted in two provinces, Hunan and Jiangxi, 3 regions, Yueyang, Yuanjiang and Shangrao, and a field detection of ten fishing vessels was carried out with the Smoke Test Instrument, including eight wood ships and one steel ship, whose length were all below 12 m and the total power was less than 44.1 kW. Total nine oil samples were taken and sent to the national professional organization through a professional transport company for testing and analysis. The results showed that the index of CO emission of three fishing boats did not reach the discharge standard of the third stage, which was less than 5.5 g/kWh, in the high and low running speed conditions, the other six fishing boats of that were all reached the discharge standard, reaching the standard rate was 83.3%. According to the classification requirements of GB252-2015 ordinary diesel oil, all oil samples meet the requirements and the passing rate is 100%. On the whole, the exhaust emissions from fishing boats in inland China have less impact on air quality. There is almost no correlation between the emission and the service life of diesel engine. To reduce the exhaust emissions, the fuel quality should be improved, and the development and application of the exhaust gas after treatment system should be strengthened. The overall emission of fishing vessels in inland is better, but there is still room for further improvement.