河西走廊栽培菘蓝农艺性状、药材产量和质量对播期的响应

为确定河西走廊菘蓝高产优质栽培的最佳播期。2014年在甘肃省民乐县开展了菘蓝的分期播种试验,对不同播期菘蓝农艺性状,药材产量和品质及其差异性进行了分析。结果表明,随播期延后,菘蓝出苗期和全生长期均显著缩短,抽薹率显著降低,5月22日较4月12日播种出苗天数缩短15天,生长期缩短42天,抽薹率下降30%;出苗率却随播期延后而显著增加,4月12日播种出苗率最低(40.57±0.56)%],5月2日以后播种出苗率均在95%以上;4月22日播种板蓝根产量(5000.25 kg/hm~2)和(R,S)-告依春含量(0.083±0.0012)%]均达最高水平,5月2日播种大青叶产量最高(2034.37 kg/hm~2),但播期对板蓝根药材含水量、浸出物和灰分影响不显著。河西走廊菘蓝的最佳播期以4月下旬至5月上旬为宜,早播和晚播均不利于药材产量的增加和品质的提高。

Isatis indigotica in Hexi Corridor: Response of Agronomic Characters, Medical Yield and Quality to Sowing Date

To determine the suitable sowing date for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Isatis indigotica in Hexi corridor, an experiment of different sowing dates of Isatis indigotica was carried out in Minle of Gansu Province in 2014. The agronomic characters, medical yield, quality of Isatis indigotica at different sowing dates were analyzed. Results showed that with the delay of the sowing date, the seedling date and the whole growing date were shortened, and the bolting rate decreased obviously. The seedling emergence days of sowing on May 22 were shortened by 15 d, compared with that of sowing on April 12. The growth period was shortened by 42 d, and the bolting rate dropped by 30%. With the delay of the sowing date, the germination rate significantly increased. April 12 had the lowest seedling emergence rate (40.57±0.56)%], and the germination rate was above 95% after sowing on May 2. The yield of Radix isatidis (5000.25 kg/hm2) and the content of (R,S)- epigoitrin 0.083 /-0.0012)%] reached the highest level when the sowing was conducted on April 22, and the yield of Folium isatidis was the highest (2034.37 kg/hm2) when the sowing was on May 2, but the sowing date had no significant effect on medicinal water content, extract and ash content of Radix isatidis. The best sowing date of Isatis indigotica was from late April to early May in Hexi Corridor, early sowing and late sowing were not conducive to increasing the yield and quality of medicinal materials of Isatis indigotica.