影响苹果矮砧扦插生根因素的研究进展

扦插繁殖是目前苹果矮化自根砧繁育的主要方式,扦插能否生根是扦插繁殖的关键。笔者综述了影响苹果矮化自根砧扦插生根的主要因素,认为基因型是影响扦插生根的最重要的因素,有的品种易生根,有的品种难生根。同时,扦插生根又受插条生理状况、发育程度、营养状况,以及光、温、湿、气等多种因素的影响,通过生长素处理可促进插条生根,但处理效果受生长素种类、使用浓度、处理方法、处理时间、插条生理状况及环境等多因素影响,只有各因素都处于适宜状态,才能保证生根的顺利进行。今后应加强扦插生根机理方面的研究工作,同时建议将易繁殖作为矮化砧木育种的首选目标,从根本上解决自根砧繁育难的问题。

Influencing Factors of Cutting Rooting in Apple Dwarf Rootstock

Cutting is the main propagation method of apple dwarf rootstock at present, rooting is the key of cutting propagation. The main influencing factors of cutting rooting in apple dwarf rootstock are reviewed in this paper, indicating that gene is the most important influencing factor of cutting rooting, rooting of some varieties is easy, while that of some other varieties is difficult. Cutting rooting is affected by physiological status, growth degree, nutritional status of cut shoot, light, temperature, humidity and air, etc. Auxin treatment can promote rooting of cut shoot, but the effect is affected by auxin kinds, concentration, treatment method, time, physiological status of cut shoot and environment etc. In one word, cutting rooting is generally affected by many factors, only if each factor is adaptive, rooting can be ensured. In the future, study on cutting rooting mechanism should be strengthened, and easy propagation is advised to be the preferred goal of dwarf rootstock breeding, thus to solve the problem of rootstock propagation fundamentally.