玉米收获方式及其效益分析

比较不同玉米收获方式的用工环节和成本投入，分析机械收粒技术的推广效益，为进一步推广玉米籽粒收获技术、提高玉米生产机械化水平提供理论依据和数据支持。采用面谈和问卷调查的形式，在东北、西北春玉米区和黄淮海夏玉米区4省（区）16个市、县、48个村镇，调查了农户玉米收获方式和不同收获方式的收获成本情况，共获得465户有效样本。调研数据显示：玉米机械收获技术采用率存在明显区域差异，黑龙江和新疆地区机收比例最高，农户采用率达到89.4%以上，河南次之，平均为54.7%；吉林最低，为21.5%。比较玉米不同收获方式的收获效率和经济效益发现，玉米子粒机械直收技术最为高效快捷，相比机械收穗和人工收获分别节约成本75元/hm2和225~1 305元/hm2，是一项节省工序、省工省力，节本增效、适应玉米产业化发展需要的收获方式。

Corn Harvest Methods and Benefit Analysis

In order to provide theoretical basis and data support for further popularization of corn grain harvest technology and improve the mechanization level of corn production, the authors compared the labor use and costs input of different harvest methods, analyzed the benefit of promotion of corn mechanized kernel harvesting. In the form of interview and questionnaire, the authors investigated farmers’harvest methods of corn and the cost of different harvest methods in 4 provinces (regions), 16 cities (counties), 48 villages in the northeast and northwest spring corn area, and Huanghuaihai summer corn region, 465 valid samples were received. The results showed that there existed significant differences among regions in the adoption rate of corn mechanized harvest, the rate was the highest in Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, the adoption rate was above 89.4%, then was Henan of 58.1% and Jilin was the lowest of 21.5%. Comparing the harvesting efficiency and economic benefit of different corn harvest methods, technology of corn mechanized kernel harvesting was the most efficient, and it could save 300-600 yuan/hm2 and 900-1380 yuan/hm2 than that of mechanized ear harvest and artificial harvest respectively, which was a harvest mode that met the need of corn industrialization with less process, labor saving, low cost and high efficiency.