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不同品种苹果对苹果霉心病的抗性差异及生理生化机制研究
引用本文:李庆亮,李 捷,李夏鸣,胡增丽,赵龙龙,张未仲,聂磊云,李小平.不同品种苹果对苹果霉心病的抗性差异及生理生化机制研究[J].农学学报,2017,7(6):56-62.
作者姓名:李庆亮  李 捷  李夏鸣  胡增丽  赵龙龙  张未仲  聂磊云  李小平
作者单位:山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西晋中,030815
基金项目:山西省科技重点研发(指南)项目“苹果标准化关键技术开发——苹果病虫害综合防控技术研究”(2015-TN-03-08);山西省农业科学院博士 基金项目“苹果霉心病主要致病菌致病机理的研究”(YBSJJ1307)。
摘    要:为明确不同品种苹果对苹果霉心病的抗性差异以及不同防御酶在苹果防御霉心病过程中的作用,田间调查研究不同苹果品种的霉心病发病率,同时室内创伤接种测定不同苹果品种接种霉心病2种致病菌链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)后的发病面积以及果实防御酶活性的变化。结果表明:田间自然条件下不同苹果品种霉心病发病率不同,顺序为‘嘎啦’、不套袋‘金冠’套袋‘金冠’套袋‘红富士’不套袋‘红星’。套袋后‘金冠’苹果的萼筒开张率升高,霉心病的发病率与苹果萼筒开张率呈显著正相关。室内接种链格孢菌后‘嘎啦’的发病面积最小,‘红星’次之,‘金冠’再次,而‘红富士’最易感病,发病面积最大;接种粉红单端孢菌后‘金冠’最为抗病,发病面积最小,‘嘎啦’和‘红星’次之,而‘红富士’发病面积最大。接种链格孢菌后不同品种的罹病组织中,‘嘎啦’的过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高,其次为‘金冠’,然后为‘红星’,最低的是‘红富士’。接种粉红单端孢菌后,不同品种的病健交界部的POD活性‘嘎啦’‘金冠’‘红富士’和‘红星’。不同苹果品种接种粉红单端孢菌和链格孢菌后果实不同部位多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性相对于各自对照均明显升高,但是不同品种增加幅度的顺序为‘嘎啦’‘金冠’‘红星’‘红富士’。‘嘎啦’、‘金冠’以及‘红星’苹果接种粉红单端孢菌和链格孢菌后过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性相对于对照显著降低,而‘红富士’果实接种2种致病菌后CAT活性升高。上述结果表明,苹果霉心病的发病率与萼筒开张率呈显著正相关,套袋会导致果实萼筒开张率增大。‘嘎啦’对链格孢菌抗性最强,‘金冠’对粉红单端孢菌抗性最强,‘红富士’对2种病原菌的均表现为最易感病。POD、PPO以及CAT在苹果防御霉心病过程中起着重要的作用。

关 键 词:苹果霉心病  苹果  抗性鉴定  防御酶
收稿时间:2017/1/17 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/3/7 0:00:00

Resistance of Different Apple Varieties against Apple Moldy Core and Its Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism
Li Qingliang,Li Jie,Li Xiaming,Hu Zengli,Zhao Longlong,Zhang Weizhong,Nie Leiyun,Li Xiaoping.Resistance of Different Apple Varieties against Apple Moldy Core and Its Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism[J].Journal of Agriculture,2017,7(6):56-62.
Authors:Li Qingliang  Li Jie  Li Xiaming  Hu Zengli  Zhao Longlong  Zhang Weizhong  Nie Leiyun  Li Xiaoping
Abstract:To estimate the resistance of different apple varieties against apple moldy core and the role of defense enzymes in apple against the disease, the incidence of moldy core of different apple varieties was investigated in field. The infected area and changes of defense enzymes'activities of different apple varieties after inoculation with A. alternata and T. roseum were studied. In field, the moldy core incidence of different apple varieties was different, the order was'Gala', non-bagged'Golden Delicious''Golden Delicious'>'Red Fuji'and'Starking'. The activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of different apple varieties significantly increased after inoculation with T. roseum and A. alternate, the order of increase of different varieties was'Gala'>'Golden Delicious'>'Starking'>'Red Fuji'. The CAT activity of'Gala','Golden Delicious' and'Starking' was significantly inhibited after inoculation with T. roseum and A. alternata, while the CAT activity of'Red Fuji'increased after inoculation with both pathogens. The above results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the incidence of apple moldy core and the opening rate of calyx tube. Bagging could lead to an increase in the opening rate of fruit calyx tube.'Gala' had the strongest resistance to A. alternata, while'Golden Delicious'had the strongest resistance to T. roseum.'Red Fuji'was the most susceptible variety to both pathogens. POD, PPO and CAT played an important role in the process of moldy core defense.
Keywords:Apple Moldy Core  Apple  Resistance Identification  Defense Enzyme
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