中国防治灰霉病杀菌剂的登记品种、现状与建议

由葡萄孢属真菌(Botrytis spp.)引起的灰霉病是造成经济损失位列全球第二位的重要病害。且随着设施栽培面积不断扩大,该病发生日趋严重。由于缺少商业化的抗病品种,目前,化学防治仍是最有效的应急措施。但是,该病的致病菌灰葡萄孢具有高抗药性风险,对单作用位点的现有杀菌剂极易产生抗药性,导致田间防控形势严峻,部分地区无药可用。为了便于科研人员和农药使用者掌握已登记防治灰霉病的农药信息,本研究归纳了中国已登记用于该病防治的杀菌剂品种、数量和剂型,分析了农药有效成分,简要评析了不同种类杀菌剂的使用技术和潜在抗药性风险,指出了已登记杀菌剂存在“一多、一少、两大”问题,并提出了逐步淘汰老品种、老剂型、加大新产品登记力度、扩大小宗作物登记范围的建议。

Fungicides for Controlling Grey Mold in China: Registered Products,Present Situation and Suggestions

Grey mold caused by Botrytis spp., is the second most devastating disease causing huge economic loss in agricultural production worldwide, and it has become more severe along with the rapid expansion of protected cultivation recently. Due to the lack of commercially disease-resistant varieties, chemical control is the most effective emergency measurement against the disease. However, Botrytis spp. has high resistance to single-target fungicides, posing a severe threat to field prevention and control, especially in some areas where the multiple resistance has been selected, even resulting in a challenge to selecting effective fungicides. To provide integrative information of registered fungicides for scientific researchers and pesticide users, the products, formulae, dosages and efficacy of registered fungicides for the disease in China were summarized, and the application technologies and potential resistance risks were reviewed. For registered fungicides, the problems in the application were pointed out, and suggestions were put forward for fungicide development against the disease, including gradually elimination of old fungicides and old formulae, and enhancing the registration of new-target fungicides, as well as expanding the registration scale of fungicides for small-scale crops.