稻+鸭生物互作的综合经济效益研究

【目的】通过对水稻不同生产模式的差异比较,研究其在田间生物学性状,化学肥料施用量,化学农药使用情况,水稻产量构成因素,稻米感官质量以及综合经济效益的影响。【方法】采用多年田间试验研究的方法,试验设计为稻+鸭生物互作和水稻单作2个处理,随机排列,每个处理面积667m²,3次重复,分析水稻采用不同的生产模式对综合经济效益的影响。【结果】稻+鸭生物互作与水稻单作两个生产模式相比较,在水稻的株高、有效分蘖数、灌浆期叶面积指数和生育期差异不显著,在种植水稻的过程中放养鸭子不会显著影响水稻长发育；在结实率、千粒重、单位面积稻谷产量、出米率等方面差异不显著,在种植水稻的过程中放养鸭子不会显著影响水稻的产量构成因素；在米粒形状、米粒颜色、米饭香味、冷饭回生度等方面不同处理均表现一致,仅在适口性方面略更胜一筹；在生产过程中,可节约2倍化学氮肥的施用量,不使用化学农药；单位土地面积的综合经济产量增加,成本降低,综合经济效益差异显著。【结论】稻+鸭生物互作模式,不影响水稻田间生物学性状和产量构成,可适当延长水稻大田生育期,一定程度上提高稻米质量和使用品质,增强了生态稻米产业的市场竞争力；能有效降低农药和化肥的使用量,减少农残,提稻米高安全性,促进农业生态安全和绿色产业发展；提高了水稻产业的综合经济效益和单位土地面积的净收益,是稻区的农业产业发展、农村致富、农民增收的新途径和有效模式；可有效提高单位土地面积生产力和提高当量土地效率,为稻区农业产业发展,农业增产,农民增收,农村致富创造了有利条件,是一条有效解决“三农”问题的途径之一。

Comprehensive Economic Benefits of Rice-duck Biological Interaction

The effects of rice- duck biological interaction and rice monoculture on rice growth, yield and quality were studied in field experiments for many years. The results showed that the biological interaction mode of rice-duck did not affect the biological characters and yield composition of rice in field but could prolong the growth period of rice properly, and improve rice quality to a certain extent, and improve the market competitiveness of ecological rice industry. The mode could effectively reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, reduce agricultural residue, raise the quality safety of rice, promote agro-ecological safety and the development of green industry, and improve the comprehensive economic benefits of rice and the net income per unit land area. The mode of rice-duck biological interaction is a new and effective way for the development of agricultural industry, the prosperity of rural areas and the increase of farmers’income in rice area, which could effectively improve productivity per unit land area and increase equivalent land efficiency. It could serve as an way to solve the problems concerning Sannong (which are agriculture, rural community and farmers).