2种生长调节剂对高粱生长、产量和品质影响的研究

通过对高粱喷施不同剂量矮壮素、乙烯利溶液进行田间试验,旨在探明矮壮素、乙烯利溶液对高粱生长、产量和品质的影响。实验采用两因素四水平随机区组设计,3次重复,于拔节期喷施(2014年7月5日)。乙烯利、矮壮素各设6个浓度梯度,乙烯利稀释倍数分别为100倍、200倍、400倍、800倍、1000倍及清水对照;矮壮素稀释倍数分别为100倍、250倍、400倍、550倍、700倍及清水对照。结果表明,2种生长调节剂的主要作用是能够抑制赤霉素的生物合成而控制植株的伸长生长,乙烯利(抽穗期)对高粱植株矮化作用分别比对照提高29.32%、34.58%、21.80%、21.8%、2.18%;乙烯利(成熟期)对高粱植株矮化作用分别比对照提高21.07%、22.16%、19.77%、18.63%、12.11%;矮壮素(抽穗期)对高粱植株矮化作用分别比对照提高5.43%、13.18%、3.10%、3.88%、8.53%;矮壮素(成熟期)对高粱植株矮化作用分别比对照提高9.94%、29.19%、13.64%、18.01%、14.91%。喷施不同浓度乙烯利、矮壮素对高粱籽粒品质均有一定的影响。乙烯利以稀释200倍喷改善高粱籽粒品质效果最为明显,矮壮素以稀释250倍效果明显。喷施乙烯利的矮化效果较喷施矮壮素显著,但是在改善高粱光合指标、叶绿素含量、产量方面差别不大。在生产上,通过拔节期喷施乙烯利、矮壮素可有效控制高粱株高,实现增密增产。

Effects of Two Kinds of Plant Growth Regulator on Sorghum Growth, Yield and Quality

By spraying different doses of sorghum chlormequat and ethephon solution, field experiments were designed to ascertain the effect of chlormequat and ethephon solution on sorghum growth, yield and quality. The experiments were conducted with two factors in four levels in a randomized block design with three replications, spraying the regulators at the jointing stage (July 5, 2014). Ethephon and chlormequat, each had six concentration gradients. Ethylene dilutions were 100 times, 200 times, 400 times, 800 times, 1000 times and water control; cycocel dilutions were 100 times, 250 times, 400 times, 550 times, 700 times and water control. Results showed that the main role of two kinds of growth regulators was to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellin and control elongation growth of plants. The plant dwarfing effect of ethephon (heading stage) increased by 29.32%, 34.58%, 21.80%, 21.8%, 2.18% compared with the control; while that of ethephon (maturity stage) increased by 21.07%, 22.16%, 19.77%, 18.63%, 12.11% compared with the control. Dwarfing effect of chlormequat (heading stage) increased by 5.43%, 13.18%, 3.10%, 3.88%, 8.53% compared with the control; while that of chlormequat (maturity stage) increased by 9.94%, 29.19%, 13.64%, 18.01% , 14.91% compared with the control. Spraying different concentrations of ethephon, CCC on sorghum had a certain impact on grain quality. Spraying ethephon diluted 200 times had the most obvious improvement in grain quality, chlormequat diluted 250 times had significant effect. Dwarfing effect of ethephon spraying was more significant than that of chlormequat, but in improving sorghum photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content and the yield, the two regulators had no obvious difference. In the production, spraying ethephon and chlormequat at jointing stage can effectively control the sorghum plant height, yield achieve densification increase.