播期对哈尔滨地区玉米生长状况及产量的影响

【研究目的】探讨不同播期对玉米生长状况和产量的影响旨在为寻求适宜播期，促进玉米农业生产提供指导。【方法】以黑龙江省哈尔滨市玉米主栽品种‘宏育29’为试验材料，通过3个播期处理（T1为4月25日，T2为5月6 日，T3为5月11日），研究不同播期条件下玉米生长状况及产量的变化规律。【结果】T1、T2处理生育期日数延长；T1、T2处理在抽雄—成熟期干物质积累与分配及生长率明显高于T3处理，干物质积累向果实转移量增大，其产量分别增加435.1 kg/hm2和1621.9 kg/hm2；T2处理在3个处理中最优，水热等气候资源利用程度较高。【结论】适宜播期可充分利用温、光、水等气候资源，延长玉米生育期日数，促进玉米生长发育，有利于提高干物质的积累及在籽粒中的分配，提高玉米产量。哈尔滨地区玉米适宜播期为5月4日—5月6日，但适播期应考虑春季土壤水分或春季第一场透雨。

Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Maize in Harbin Area

This study aims at obtaining suitable sowing date of maize in Harbin area, and promoting agricultural production of maize. Main maize cultivar‘Hongyu29’in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province was used as test material and three sowing date treatments (T1 was April 25th, T2 was May 6th, T3 was May 11th) were set, the variation rules of growth and yield were studied. The results showed that the growth period of maize under T1 and T2 treatment was prolonged, the dry matter accumulation and allocation, and the growth rate under T1 and T2 treatment were significantly higher than those under T3 treatment from tasseling stage to mature stage, the dry matter accumulation and transferring to grain increased, the yield of T1 and T2 treatment increased by 435.1 kg/hm2 and 1621.9 kg/hm2, respectively, T2 was the optimal in the three treatment, its utilization degrees of soil water and heat were higher. The suitable sowing date could make full use of climate resource such as air temperature, sun light and soil water, prolong the growth period, improve the growth and development of maize, increase the dry matter accumulation and allocation in grain, and raise the maize yield. The suitable sowing date of maize is from May 4th to May 6th in Harbin area, but the soil moisture or the first saturating rain in spring should be considered for the suitable sowing date.