生物炭对土壤氮磷转化和流失的影响

针对土壤非点源污染产生的负面环境问题,近年来国内外的研究主要集中在有效减少农业生态系统中土壤氮磷的流失等方面。笔者综述了化学修复钝化剂生物炭对土壤中氮磷转化和流失影响的研究进展。生物炭凭借其特殊的材料结构和理化性质,影响着土壤中氮磷的存在。生物炭能够增加农作物对土壤中氮磷养分的吸附作用,提高作物的存活率和产量；改善土壤理化性质,起到减少土壤中氮磷养分的流失作用；降低田面水中氮磷的流失,抑制土壤中氮磷淋失,减少氨挥发损失,改善肥料效益。生物炭在促进氮磷吸收和吸附、促进氮磷形态转化和减少农田氮磷流失方面有巨大潜力,未来应加强其在土壤环境污染治理及其可持续性利用方面的研究。

Effect of Biochar on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Transformation and Loss

Concerning the environmental problems caused by soil non-point source pollution, in recent years, domestic and international research is focusing on reducing the loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. The authors summarize the research progress of chemical repair passivation agent biochar on the conversion and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Biochar with its special material structure and physical and chemical properties directly affects the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Biochar can increase the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus to improve crop survival and yield, improve soil physical and chemical properties and play a vital role in reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus; it can also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in soil surface water and soil, reduce ammonia volatilization loss and improve fertilizer efficiency. Biochar has great potential in promoting nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and adsorption, improving nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland. In the future, more researches are needed in exploring biochar’s role in environmental pollution control and sustainable utilization.