不同肥料和青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮的影响

为研究施肥管理和青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质的影响，设计双因素试验，其中肥料处理包括有机无机复混肥为基础的3 个处理（添加蚯蚓粉A、添加木醋液B和添加芽孢杆菌C），以及生物炭处理D、化肥-二铵处理E和不施肥的对照组F，青贮添加剂处理包括甲酸、木醋液和对照组，研究各处理苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质的变化。结果表明，添加芽孢杆菌的有机无机复混肥显著提高了苜蓿青贮粗蛋白含量降低木质素含量(P<0.05)，添加木醋液的有机无机复混肥显著提高了粗脂肪和乳酸含量，降低了pH值(P<0.05)，化肥-二铵显著降低了木质素含量(P<0.05)，三者均不同程度提高了苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质。添加甲酸可以有效抑制发酵，显著降低了苜蓿蛋白水解(P<0.05)，有效保存其营养成分，木醋液与对照相比显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.05)，提高其青贮发酵品质。不同肥料和青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮综合营养和发酵品质的互作效应未达显著水平(P>0.05)。由此可见，苜蓿种植管理中施用添加芽孢杆菌或木醋液的有机无机复混肥或化肥-二铵，同时在青贮过程中添加甲酸或木醋液，均有助于苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质的提高。

Influence of Different Fertilizers and Silage Additives on Alfalfa Silage

An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different fertilizer and silage additives on nutrition and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. The experiment included two factors, one was different fertilizer treatments, including three fertilizer treatments based on organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with earthworm powder (A), wood vinegar (B) and (C)], Bio char treatment (D), diammonium phosphate treatment (E) and without fertilizer as control (F); and the other was different silage additives treatments, including methanoic acid, wood vinegar, and the control replaced with the same amount of distilled water. The results showed as follows: (1) the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with increased the crude protein and decreased the lignin content of alfalfa significantly (P<0.05), while organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with wood vinegar increased the crude fat and lactic acid and decreased the pH value significantly (P< 0.05), and the chemical fertilizers- diammonium phosphate significantly reduced the lignin content (P<0.05), and all the three treatments had positive effects on nutrition and silage quality of alfalfa silage; (2) alfalfa silage adding methanoic acid could significantly reduce the protein hydrolysis of alfalfa (P<0.05), effectively preserve the nutrition quality through inhibiting the fermentation process, while adding wood vinegar improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage through increasing the lactic acid content significantly (P<0.05); (3) there was no significant interaction among different fertilizer and silage additives on the comprehensive nutrition and fermentation index of alfalfa silage (P>0.05). It is concluded that the application of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with Bacillus or wood vinegar liquid and chemical fertilizer-diammonium phosphate in alfalfa cultivation, and adding methanoic acid or wood vinegar liquid in alfalfa silage process, can improve the nutrition and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage.