江苏省杂交棉花品种性状研究及育种思路

研究2001-2013年江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过的杂交棉花品种的性状表现,为杂交棉育种提供参考.根据区域试验数据,采用Excel等统计方法分析杂交棉花品种的亲本来源、产量表现、纤维品质及抗性等性状.结果表明：杂交棉品种亲本多为苏审常规棉与‘GK19’;不同阶段育成品种产量稳步提高,但增产幅度有降低趋势;单株铃数有渐近增加的趋势;30个白色杂交棉品种中,衣分均高于39.5％,铃重5.9 g以上的品种占60％;纤维品质达Ⅲ型以上品种占93.5％;近50％品种对枯、黄萎病的抗性达耐病级别;抗虫性有待提高.近期杂交棉育种以改进纤维品质与抗性为主,稳步提高产量;思路上注重种质资源创新,充分利用生物技术,研究“三系”杂交棉;重点开展病虫抗性和品质研究.

Research on Characteristics of Hybrid Cotton Varieties Authorized in Jiangsu Province and Breeding Strategy

Research on characteristics of hybrid cotton varieties authorized by crop variety approval committee of Jiangsu Province during 2001 to 2013, providing a reference for hybrid cotton breeding. Based on the data of regional tests of hybrid cotton varieties, analyzed their parental origin, yield, fiber quality and resistance level by Excel and other statistical methods. The results showed that most parents of hybrid cotton varieties were ＇GK19＇ and conventional cotton varieties approved by Jiangsu Province; the yield of hybrid cotton varieties increased steadily at different stages, but yield increase rate tended to decrease; boll number per plant was gradually increasing; all varieties of lint were higher than 39.5% among thirty hybrid cotton varieties, outside colored cotton; 60% of the varieties of bell weight exceeded 5.9 g; 93.5% of the varieties fiber qualities reached national standard III and above; nearly 50% of the varieties resistance to cotton Verticil]ium wilt and Fusarium wilt, insect resistance remained to be improved. Breeding direction of hybrid cotton varieties should be based on the improvement of fiber quality and resistance, steadily improve yield in the recent years. Breeding methods should strengthen cotton germplasm innovation; sufficiently research CMS （cytoplasmic male sterility）-based hybrid cotton by utilizing biotechnology; mainly research on disease and insect resistance.