菏泽霾气候特征及影响因素分析

利用1981-2013年菏泽市地面气象观测资料,对菏泽市霾日数变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明：近33年菏泽霾日数总体呈上升趋势,1980-1990年代霾日数较少,2000年之后明显上升.菏泽年平均霾日数为10.8天.菏泽秋冬季霾天气出现多,春夏季出现少.菏泽霾天气95％以上为轻微霾（大气能见度5～10 km）,相对湿度在70％～90％的占8成以上.霾日数变化对气温和风速的变化较为敏感.霾天气发生时,一般风速比较小（1～2 m/s）,并以N风最多.正变湿和负变压对霾的生成和维持更加有利.连续无降水日数越长,出现霾的概率就可能越大.

Characteristics of Haze in Heze and Its Causative Factors

Based on observation data from 1981 to 2013 in Heze, haze characteristics and its formation mechanism were analyzed. The results show that： the haze showed a generally rising trend over the past 33 years, from 1981 to 2000 haze days was less, but a obvious rising trend after 2000. The average annual haze day was 10.8 days in Heze. Hazes mainly occurred in autumn and winter. When a haze occurred, the visibility mostly from 5 to 10 km, and the relative humidity ranged from 70% to 90%. Haze days change was more sensitive to the change of temperature and wind speed. Haze appears in when the wind speed was quite generally small （1-2 m/s）, the wind direction was north. The enhanced relative humidity and the weak pressure field was more advantageous to the haze formation. If does not rain continuously, the probabihty of haze was much bigger.