减量复合肥配施生物有机肥对番茄土壤肥力及酶活性的影响

为明确复合肥减量配施生物有机肥的效果,以‘图腾’番茄为研究对象,研究在复合肥减量10%~30%条件下,配施与所减复合肥等质量的生物有机肥对土壤养分及酶活性的影响。结果表明：配施生物有机肥较不施肥处理(CK)可显著提高土壤速效养分,与复合肥处理(TK)相比,有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷分别显著提高了6.42%~26.11%、14.75%~26.23%、4.38%~10.74%和26.63%~39.09%。苗期,配施生物有机肥较CK和TK处理降低了土壤酶活性;开花期,F1、F2和F3处理分别使脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高73.05%~92.74%和14.65%~32.23%,成熟期仅F2处理使脲酶活性提高10.90%,F1、F2和F3分别使过氧化氢酶活性显著提高55.56%、82.22%和76.67%,随番茄生长期的延长,过氧化氢酶活性呈先增加后降低趋势。

Reduced Compound Fertilizer with Bio-organic Fertilizer: Effects on Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity of Tomato

To clarify the effect of compound fertilizer reduction with bio-organic fertilizer, taking a tomato cultivar ‘Tuteng’ as the study object, we studied the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer combined with different compound fertilizer reduction (10%, 20% and 30%) on soil fertility and enzyme activity. The results showed that: compared with conventional fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase the soil available nutrients, compared with compound fertilizer (TK) treatment, the contents of soil organic matter, balkali-nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 6.42%-26.11%, 14.75%-26.23%, 4.38%-10.74% and 26.63%-39.09%, respectively; compared with CK and TK, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer significantly decreased soil enzyme activity during seedling period; and increased the activities of urease and catalase at flowering stage by 73.05%-92.74% and 14.65%-32.23%, respectively; during maturity, the bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer reduction 20% (F2) increased the urease activity by 10.90%, and the bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer reduction 10%, 20%, 30% (F1, F2, F3) significantly increased the catalase activity by 55.56%, 82.22% and 76.67%, respectively; with the extension of the growth period of tomato, the catalase activity increased first and then decreased.