江西省葛田土壤养分评价及其与块根干重的相关性分析

为摸清江西省粉葛生产状况,为实现葛产业提质增效、绿色发展提供依据,调查分析了江西省15个主产县区具有代表性的17块葛田土壤养分状况,研究了其与单株块根干重的相关性,并分析了限制粉葛产量养分因子。结果表明：（1）调查区土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷和全钾均值分别为4.77、20.35 g/kg、25.12 mg/kg、17.33 mg/kg、136.91 mg/kg、1.19 g/kg、0.54 g/kg和16.30 g/kg。 （2）调查区葛田土壤均呈酸性,土壤养分总体中等偏差,调查区葛田各养分的缺乏比例为35.39%（速效钾）~100%（碱解氮）。（3）相关性分析表明,除速效钾对单株块根干重负显著影响外,其他各养分对块根干重影响差异不显著。因此,建议通过平衡施肥、减少化肥用量及有机无机配施以改善土壤养分状况,施用碱性肥或石灰改良酸性土壤,进而提高葛田土壤生产力。

Soil Nutrient Status and Its Correlation with Root Dry Weight of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in Jiangxi

To find out the production situation of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in Jiangxi Province and provide a basis for improving the quality, efficiency and green development of Pueraria thomsonii Benth industry, the soil nutrient status of 17 representative Pueraria thomsonii Benth fields from 15 main producing counties in Jiangxi were investigated, the correlation between soil nutrient status and the root dry weight per plant of Pueraria thomsonii Benth was studied, and the limiting nutrient factors of yield were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the average value of soil pH, organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis N, available P, available K, total N, total P and total K in the survey fields was 4.77, 20.35 g/kg, 25.12 mg/kg, 17.33 mg/kg, 136.91 mg/kg, 1.19 g/kg, 0.54 g/kg and 16.30 g/kg, respectively; (2) the soil was acidic and the nutrients’ contents were at the medium and lower level in the survey fields, and the insufficient ratio of each nutrient index was 35.39% (available K) to 100% (alkaline hydrolysis N); (3) correlation analysis indicated that only available K had significantly negative effect on the root dry weight per plant of Pueraria thomsonii Benth, and the other nutrients had no significantly different effect on the root dry weight. It is suggested that we should adopt balanced fertilization, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and apply organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer to improve the soil nutrient status, and use alkaline fertilizer or lime to improve the acid soil and enhance the fertility of Pueraria thomsonii Benth fields.