株间穴施对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响

为探究合理的夏玉米高产简化施肥技术。以‘浚单29’为材料,采用田间试验方法研究了开沟条施、正位肥料减量30%穴施、株间全量及肥料减量30%穴施等施肥方式对夏玉米产量、果穗及植株表观性状、生物量和氮磷钾养分积累量的影响。结果表明,株间全量穴施较开沟条施植株表观性状均增加,增产3.70%,地上部生物量增加3.56%,氮、磷养分积累显著增加11.24%和19.44%;肥料减量30%可显著降低夏玉米产量、地上部生物量及氮磷养分积累12.88%~16.56%、11.28%~15.12%、20.13%~30.07%和21.66%~38.19%,施肥方式和肥料用量对夏玉米钾素积累无显著影响。株间穴施和正位穴施差异不显著,较开沟条施更有利于地上部氮磷钾养分吸收从而促进产量提高。夏玉米专用肥750 kg/hm ²配合株间穴施显著提高夏玉米产量,而且养分吸收效果较好,是当前试验条件下较好的施肥管理措施。

Inter-plant Hole Application of Fertilizer: Effect on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Summer Maize

The study aims to explore the high-yield simplified fertilization techniques for summer maize. ‘Xundan 29’ was used as material, and field experiment was conducted to study the influence of ditching strips, 30% reduction in the positive point, the inter-plant total amount and the 30% reduction of hole application on the yield, ear and plant apparent characters, biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation. The results showed that the apparent characters of inter-plant total amount hole application were improved compared with ditching strips, the yield increased by 3.70%, aboveground biomass increased by 3.56%, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation increased by 11.24% and 19.44%. 30% reduction could significantly reduce the yield, aboveground biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient accumulation by 12.88%-16.56%, 11.28%-15.12%, 20.13%-30.07% and 21.66%-38.19%, respectively. Both fertilization method and fertilizer amount had no significant effect on summer maize potassium accumulation. Even though there is no significant difference between inter-plant hole application and the positive point hole application, both of them could increase the aboveground absorption of N, P and K nutrients compared with the ditching strips, thus promoting summer maize yield. The 750 kg/hm ² special fertilizer application combined with the inter-plant hole application increased the yield obviously, and the nutrient absorption was better, which was the appropriate management measure under the current experiment condition.