论生态农场建设与发展

发展生态农场是中国未来农业发展的重要方向和战略选择。基于这种认识,本文首先在查阅相关文献的基础上,认为国内最早提出“生态农场”一词是在1928年；在此基础上,简述了生态农场的概念与特征,指出：生态农场就是以生态学理论为指导建立起来的由新型农业生产模式和技术体系构成的农业生产单位或单元,生态农场具有界限明显性、生物多样性、结构复杂性、功能高效性、技术先进性和发展循环性的特征。国外生态农场的发展具有起步早、发展快、规模大、类型多、效益好的特点。中国生态农场的建设与实践大致可分为以下3个阶段：第一阶段,是新中国刚刚成立时,依据计划经济原则创办的国营农场；第二阶段,是上世纪80年代初开始,发展的生态农场；第三阶段,是进入新世纪,大力提倡发展的家庭农场,尤其是家庭生态农场。从当前国内外农业发展的现状及未来趋势看,中国加快生态农场建设与发展不仅重要而且紧迫,势在必行。最后,作者提出加快中国生态农场建设与发展的对策和措施是：一是提高认识；二是制定规划；三是加快实施；四是推广技术；五是开展合作；六是完善制度。

The Construction and Development of Ecological Farm

The development of eco-farms is an important direction and strategic choice for China’s future agricultural development. Based on such recognition, the paper refers to relevant literatures and believes that the term‘ecological farm’was first put forward in 1982 in China. On this basis, the concept and characteristics of ecological farm are briefly introduced, and it is pointed out that ecological farm is an agricultural production units or unit formed by new agricultural production mode and technical system guided by ecological theory. Ecological farm has many characteristics such as obvious boundary, biological diversity, structural complexity, high efficiency, advanced technology and development cycle. The development of ecological farm in foreign countries is characterized by its early start, rapid development, large scale, multiple types and good benefits. The construction and practice of China’s ecological farms can be roughly divided into the following three stages: the first stage is the state-owned farm established according to the principle of planned economy after the founding of the P. R. China. The second stage is the ecological farm began to develop in the early 1980s. The third stage is the development of family farms which is vigorously advocated since the new century and, especially family ecological farms. Judging from the current status and future trends of agricultural development at home and abroad, it is not only important but also urgent for China to speed up the construction and development of ecological farms, which is imperative. Finally, the author puts forward countermeasures to speed up the construction and development of ecological farms in China, including raising awareness, making planning, speeding up implementation, promoting technology, developing cooperation, and perfecting the system.