从引进品种试验看新疆春播适宜种植的玉米品种类型

科技援疆是国家的一项重大战略决策.为促进新疆玉米科研发展并探索引种经验和高产经验,提高玉米的经济效益,山西玉米所2013年开始进行玉米新品种在当地的引种试验.通过引种山西近年育成的42个玉米品种,采用设置对照,间比排列试验,进行田间精细管理,并调查了各农艺性状等.从试验结果可以看出环境改变和密度增加、覆膜栽培对株高、穗位、生育期产生了影响,大部分品种不能适应新疆气候,但仍有部分品种生育期适中,农艺性状优良,抗性优良,产量超过对照,说明山西育成的部分品种对新疆的气候和栽培模式有较好的适应性,可以筛选利用.因此,笔者认为适宜新疆春播种植的玉米品种应具有高的产量潜力,耐密植栽培,生育期适中,抗倒能力强和适合机械化作业等特性.

The Suitability of Spring-sowing Maize Varieties in Xinjiang by Introduction Experiment

Scientific and technical support to Xinjiang is one of important strategic decisions in China. In order to promote development of the Maize research and to explore the experience of introduction and high yield in Xinjiang, and to improve the economic efficiency of maize, the introduction test of new maize varieties in Xinjiang was carried out from Maize Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences since 2013. Through the introduction of 42 maize varieties bred in Shanxi in recent years, the experiment was conducted by the field fine management and setting up the arrangement of the control. And the investigation of biological, agronomic and yield traits was carried out. From the test results, it can be know that there were effect on plant height, ear height, growth period along with environment change and density increased, film mulching cultivation. And most species can not adapt to the climate in Xinjiang, but there are still some varieties of moderate growth period, excellent agronomic characters, excellent resistance, yield more than that of the control. It can be seen that Shanxi bred varieties has better adaptability of Xinjiang Climate and cultivation mode that can be screened using. Therefore, we thought if the spring-sowing maize varieties bred in Shangxi should be popularized in Xinjiang, they must have these characteristics including high yield, enduring high-density planting, moderate growth period, strong lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical operation.